Based on messages in my logs, it seems that systemd wants the following additional options in CONFIG_CHECK (I doubt it really needs them, though): BINFMT_MISC NET_SCHED NET_SCH_FQ_CODEL # https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/v239/NEWS#L4474 My systemd details: version: 249.6-r1 for x86_64 use flags: acl cryptsetup gcrypt gnuefi homed kmod lz4 pam pcre pkcs11 policykit resolvconf seccomp split-usr sysv-utils tpm xkb zstd -apparmor -audit -build -cgroup-hybrid -curl -dns-over-tls -elfutils -fido2 -http -idn -importd -lzma -nat -pwquality -qrcode -repart -selinux -test -vanilla Reproducible: Always