Previously, I was able to, as a non-root user, do the following: $ ROOT="$PWD/root" PORTAGE_TMPDIR="$PWD/root/var/tmp" emerge app-misc/hello It'd throw a few warnings about the portage log file (which are solveable with more environment variables), but it'd otherwise work. Now, when I do that, I get the following message: Permission denied: '[Errno 13] Permission denied: '/var/db/.pkg.portage_lockfile'' I'm not sure why this message is being raised, wouldn't the ROOT variable already make it only write to "$ROOT/var/db"?