As proposed by mgorny in #gentoo-dev and #gentoo-llvm, the default-{compiler-rt,libcxx,lld} USE flags can be removed from clang and instead be set at runtime in a config file. Currently upstream does not support having a single site-wide clang.cfg file for all drivers (e.g. calling x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-clang++ will attempt to load /etc/clang/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu.cfg, calling clang++ will not attempt to load any file by default).
Patch sent upstream: https://reviews.llvm.org/D109621 (address not accepted by See Also field)