I have user patches applied to procps from /etc/portage/patches, but in order to actually apply them I had to amend the ebuild manually. I added an epatch_user line to the src_prepare() function in the ebuild. Something's wrong either with the ebuild or something it uses. A little curious btw if my fix is proper or if there's an API problem where portage or an inherited eclass isn't applying those patches automatically.
procps is coded to meet the rules of EAPI 5, which do not require that an ebuild apply user-supplied patches. That requirement was introduced in EAPI 6. The change you made to src_prepare is the correct enhancement here.
commit 6619e0e19c0ed06d4248eb4d0dd7305c114bce44 Author: Lars Wendler <polynomial-c@gentoo.org> Date: Fri Oct 7 10:32:29 2016 sys-process/procps: Added epatch_user (bug #592094). Package-Manager: portage-2.3.1 Signed-off-by: Lars Wendler <polynomial-c@gentoo.org>