the "visudo" command is built to use a hardcoded editor path of "/usr/bin/vi". none of the gentoo packages provide for "vi" (afaik, although i'm happily using vim). visudo is also built to ignore the EDITORS variable. it seems there is no way to run visudo without manually symlinking some other editor to /usr/bin/vi. the visudo manpages suggest it can be built for other behaviours (for example a different set of hardcoded editors to try, or reading the EDITORS variable). i'll warn i'm brandspaking new to gentoo (as of today), but it seems like if the 'sudo' package was built to better represent the gentoo environment, it would certainly feel nicer. in the meantime, i've built myself a symlink and have moved on. :]
EDITOR is set to /usr/bin/nano in our current default /etc/profile. It should find nano by default unless you explicitly unset this var.