Attachment 9775 Details for Bug 17919 – fixed

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faq.xml (text/plain), 29.05 KB, created by John Mylchreest on 2003-03-24 16:57:07 UTC

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><?xml version='1.0' encoding="UTF-8"?>
><!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">
>
><guide link="/doc/en/faq.xml">
><title>Gentoo Linux Frequently Asked Questions</title>
><author title="Chief Architect"><mail link="drobbins@gentoo.org">Daniel Robbins</mail></author>
><author title="Reviewer">Colin Morey</author>
><author title="Editor"><mail link="zhen@gentoo.org">John P. Davis</mail></author>
><author title="Editor"><mail link="stocke2@gentoo.org">Eric Stockbridge</mail></author>
><author title="Editor"><mail link="zhware@gentoo.org">Stoyan Zhekov</mail></author>
><author title="Editor"><mail link="carl@gentoo.org">Carl Anderson</mail></author>
><abstract>This FAQ is a collection of questions and answers collected from the gentoo-dev mailing list and from IRC -- if you have any questions (or answers!) to add, please contact either an author or a member of the documentation team.</abstract>
>
><version>1.1.4</version>
><date>24 March 2003</date>
>
><chapter>
>	<title>Getting Started</title>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>How is Gentoo pronounced, and what does it mean?</title>
>		<body><p>Gentoo is a species of small fast penguin, pronounced "gen-too" (The "g" in "gentoo" is a soft "g", as in "gentle".)</p></body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>What makes Gentoo different?</title>
>		<body>
>			<p>Gentoo Linux is a fast, modern distribution with a clean and flexible
>			design -- in this respect, Gentoo may appeal to
>			<uri link="http://www.slackware.com/">Slackware</uri>,
>			<uri link="http://www.linuxfromscratch.org">Linux From Scratch</uri> or
>            <uri link="http://www.bsd.org">BSD</uri> users. Unlike most Linux
>            distros, Gentoo has a package system reminiscent of BSD's ports,
>            meaning the packages are continually updated to the lastest
>            versions.
>        </p>
>		</body>
>	</section>
></chapter>
>
><chapter>
>	<title>Installation</title>
>	
>		<section>
>
>		<warn>REPORT all bugs to <uri>bugs.gentoo.org</uri>! Do not report bugs to upstream (original)
>		authors. Report the bugs to Gentoo, and we will move them upstream if necessary.
>		</warn>
>		
>		<title>What is the difference between the .iso and .tbz2 files?</title>
>		<body><p>The build <e>.tbz2</e> file is a minimal set of system files
>		that is necessary for allowing a user to bootstrap and install
>		Gentoo Linux.  The build <e>.iso</e> is a complete, bootable CD image that
>		contains a system kernel, a reasonably complete set of kernel modules,
>		necessary system tools such as <c>mkfs</c> and networking support,
>		as well as the <e>.tbz2</e> minimal-system tarball.  Most users will install
>		Gentoo Linux by burning the .iso file onto a CD, booting off of the CD,
>		and installing from within the minimal linux environment provided by
>		the Gentoo boot CD.  It is possible, however, for users to install
>		Gentoo Linux directly from an already-existing Linux distribution.
>		Such users need only download the .tbz2 file, install the contents
>		on a spare partition (making sure to use the <c>p</c> flag when
>		untarring the tarball!), chroot, and install in the usual fashion.</p>
>        </body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>Why do the build .iso and .tbz2 files sometimes have different -r (revision) numbers?</title>
>		<body><p>
>		The .tbz2 minimal-system tarball only needs to be revised when there have
>		been significant changes to the core Gentoo Linux system (such as baselayout
>		changes, or a new profile), and as such .tbz2 updates are relatively rare.
>		The .iso file tends to get updated whenever we discover that somebody has
>		hardware that won't boot from our .iso.  Since new kernel modules and
>		patches are constantly being generated, this situation probably won't
>		stabilise anytime soon.
>		</p>
>	</body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>I have a Sony Super-Slim VAIO laptop, and the Gentoo Linux CD is having problems 
>			finding my PCMCIA ATAPI CD-ROM.</title>
>		<body>
>		<p>Make sure the second IDE port is set to CDROM (it unsets itself if the device isn't 
>			attached on boot) then do the following at the isolinux <c>boot:</c> prompt:</p>
><pre>
>boot: <i>rescue ide2=0x180,0x386</i>
></pre>
><p>If you are using a 1.0_rc5 or earlier boot CD, apart from thinking about downloading the latest iso, 
>type <c>gentoo</c> instead of <c>rescue</c>, above.</p>
></body>
>
></section>
>	<section>
>		<title>I'm finding things to be really unstable and I'm using "-O9 -ffast-math 
>		-fomit-frame-pointer" optimizations.  What gives?</title>
>		<body>
>		<p>When you use any optimizations beyond <c>-O3</c>, you're really taking the risk of 
>		having broken packages.
>		Very aggressive optimizations sometimes cause the compiler to streamline the assembly code 
>		to the point where it doesn't quite do the same thing anymore.  <e>Loc-Dog</e> (on IRC) 
>		uses <c>-O3 -mcpu=i686 -march=i686 -fforce-addr -fomit-frame-pointer -funroll-loops 
>		-frerun-cse-after-loop -frerun-loop-opt -malign-functions=4</c>, which is about
>		as much as I'd want to push global optimization settings.  Beyond this, it's best to use
>		ultra-high optimizations only with specific packages where you really need that extra 2%,
>		(eg graphics and various multimedia programs), and where you can easily test the package 
>		to ensure that it hasn't been optimized into oblivion.</p>
>		<p>Please try first to compile with CFLAGS <c>-march= -O2</c> before reporting a bug</p>
>		</body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>What's the default root password after installation?</title>
>		<body><p>The default password is blank; hit enter.</p></body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>How can i change the root (or indeed any other user's) password?</title>
>		<body><p>You can use <c>passwd</c> to change the password for the user you are logged into.
>		for extra options and setting, please see <c>man passwd</c> once you've completed the install.
>		</p></body>
>	</section>
>	<section>
>		<title>How do i add a normal user?</title>
>		<body><p>Everyone seems to think that i shouldn't be using <e>root</e> for everyday use,
>		how can i add another user?</p>
>		<p>The command <c>adduser gentoo</c> will add a user called gentoo. The next step is to give
>		this user a password and <c>passwd</c> will do exactly that.</p>
>		<p>Insteed of <c>adduser</c> you can also use:
>		<pre># <i>useradd gentoo -m -G users,audio,wheel -s /bin/bash</i></pre>
>		This will add a user gentoo, will make possible for him to use sound-related devices (<path>/dev/sound/*</path>), will make possible for him to switch to root (using <c>su</c>) and will make <path>/bin/bash</path> his login shell.
>		</p>
>		</body>
>	</section>
>	<section>
>		<title>Why can't a user su to root?</title>
>		<body><p>For security reasons, users may only <c>su</c> to root if they belong to the 
>		<e>wheel</e> group. To add a <i>username</i> to the <e>wheel</e> group, issue the following 
>		command as root:</p>
>		<pre># <i>usermod -G users,wheel username</i></pre>
>		</body>
>	</section>
>	<section>
>		<title>How do I enable devfs?</title>
>		<body>
>		<p>
>		If you're using 1.0_rc5 or greater, you don't need to do anything special to get 
>		devfs working; it's already active (you did make sure that devfs was built into the
>		kernel, didn't you?).  
>		However, if you are using a version of Gentoo Linux <e>prior</e> to version 1.0_rc5, add 
>		<c>devfs=mount</c> to your <c>GRUB</c> kernel boot options so that the line looks something 
>		like <c>kernel (hd0,0)/boot/bzImage devfs=mount foo=bar</c>  The kernel will then mount the 
>		<path>/dev</path> <e>devfs</e> filesystem automatically at boot-time.
>		</p>
>		</body>
>	</section>
>	<section>
>		<title>How to I disable devfs?</title>
>		<body>
>		<p>Under Gentoo Linux 1.0_rc6 and later, you can disable devfs by passing the 
>		<c>gentoo=nodevfs</c> to the kernel.</p>
>		</body>
>	</section>
>	<section>
>		<title>How do I get a <path>/dev/mouse </path> that
>		doesn't go away when I reboot (when using devfs)?</title>
>		<body>
>		<p>
>		If you are using 1.0_rc6 or later, then you can just use <c>ln -s</c>
>		to make the usual symbolic link from <path>/dev/mouse</path>, and
>		it will be preserved between reboots.
>		</p>
>		<p>All other users need to edit <path>/etc/devfsd.conf</path>
>		and add these lines:</p>
><pre>
>REGISTER        ^misc/psaux$    CFUNCTION GLOBAL symlink misc/psaux mouse
>UNREGISTER      ^misc/psaux$    CFUNCTION GLOBAL unlink mouse
></pre>
>		<p>If you are not using the devfs PS/2 mouse <path>/dev/misc/psaux</path> device,
>		adjust the <c>misc/psaux</c> strings above accoringly.  You'll then want to 
>		<c>killall -HUP devfsd</c>
>		to get devfsd to reread <path>/etc/devfsd.conf</path>.</p>
>		</body>
>	</section>
>	<section>
>		<title>Grub can't find stage x.y?</title>
>		<body><p>
>		During installation the grub boot files are copied
>		to <path>/boot/grub</path> (<path>/boot/boot/grub</path> in Gentoo Linux 1.0_rc5 and 
>		earlier.) Grub automatically looks in the <path>/boot/grub</path> directory on the boot 
>		partition.  (We strongly recommend having a separate no-auto boot partition mounted at 
>		<path>/boot</path>, since that way it is much more difficult to clobber your kernel and boot
>		info by accident.)  The above error generally arises from (a) not using a separate boot 
>		partition, (b) forgetting to mount the boot partition at <path>/boot</path> before either 
>		unpacking the build snapshot or running
>		<c>emerge --usepkg system</c>, or (c) forgetting the
>		<c>notail</c> option when mounting a ReiserFS <path>/boot</path> partition.
>		You can get more information on grub, including how to
>		debug grub from the grub prompt, by reading the 
>		<uri link="http://www-105.ibm.com/developerworks/education.nsf/linux-onlinecourse-bytitle/0F1731DC664023B7862569D0005C44AF?OpenDocument">IBM developerWorks Grub tutorial</uri>.
>		</p>
>                </body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>	<title>My ASUS CUV4X-D won't boot and it freezes during various stages of kernel loading and hardware 
>	detection. </title>
>	<body>
>	<p>Disable MPS 1.4 (multi-processor-system) in the BIOS or switch this 
>	function to 1.1. By using this option you just switch the MPS version. The Multi-Processor-System
>	will still work properly. Make sure to boot Gentoo Linux with the following boot option, noapic. </p>
>	</body>
>	</section>
>	
>	<section>
>	<title>If I have Gentoo 1.4_rc1 can I upgrade to 1.4_rc2, 1.4_final/_rc3 without reinstalling?</title>
>	<body>
>	In fact there is no difference between the 1.4 releases <b>after they&apos;ve installed</b>. Gentoo 1.4 and later are <c>glibc-2.3.x</c> based.
>	As such 1.4rc1 machine for example, that does <c>emerge rsync; emerge -u world</c> is <b>exactly the same</b> as a machine with 1.4rc2 installed, after it does <c>emerge rsync; emerge -u world</c>. The true differences lie in the installer.
>	</body>
>	</section>
></chapter>
>
><chapter>
>	<title>Package Management</title>
>	<section>
>		<title>In what format are the packages stored?</title>
>		<body><p>They exist in our portage tree as <e>ebuild</e> autobuild scripts; we are primarily 
>		a ports-based distribution, meaning that we provide scripts (<c>.ebuild</c> files) and a 
>		special system (Portage) so that you can build apps from sources. We generally only build 
>		binaries for releases and snapshots. The <uri link="/doc/en/gentoo-howto.xml">Development HOWTO
>		</uri> covers the contents of an ebuild script in detail.  For full binary ISO releases, we 
>		create a full suite of binary packages in an enhanced <c>.tbz2</c> format (<c>.tar.bz2</c> 
>		compatible with meta-information attached to the end of the file.)</p>
>		</body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>Why write a new port system (Portage) instead of using BSD's version?</title>
>		<body>
>		<p>In one sentence, because Portage is much better in so many ways.  One of the design
>		philosophies of the <c>.ebuild</c> syntax was to make it an analog of what you'd type to 
>		install the program manually, thus making Portage very easy to learn and modify to your 
>		needs.  We also have OpenBSD-style "fake" installs, safe unmerging, system profiles, 
>		package masking, a real dependency system, and lots of other good stuff.</p>
>		</body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>How does this differ from Debian's apt or BSD's ports?</title>
>		<body><p>Portage features the best of apt and ports; for example, USE options, a full
>		dependency system, safe installs and uninstalls, and a true package database.  Think of
>		Portage as the best of both worlds; a ports system with the sensibilities and safety of a
>		Linux package management system built-in.</p></body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>	        <title>How do I install and uninstall packages?</title>
>	        <body>
>		<p>The <uri link="/doc/en/portage-user.xml">Portage User Guide</uri> details how to install
>		and uninstall packages, and update Portage.</p>
>	        </body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>How can I set a global configuration for compiling packages?</title>
>		<body><p><path>/etc/make.conf</path> should be modified to override global and
>		profile-specific default options used to compile and merge packages. The most common options 
>		are as follows:</p>
>		<table>
>		<tr>
>			<th>Flag</th>
>			<th>Description</th>
>		</tr>
>		<tr>
>			<ti>CHOST</ti>
>			<ti>This sets the HOST variable for compiles, e.g. <c>i686-pc-linux-gnu</c></ti>
>		</tr>
>		<tr>
>			<ti>CFLAGS</ti>
>			<ti>The options for <c>gcc</c> when compiling programs written in C (*.c files)</ti>
>		</tr>
>		<tr>
>			<ti>CXXFLAGS</ti>
>			<ti>The options for <c>gcc</c> when compiling programs written in C++ (*.c,*.cpp etc.
>			files)</ti>
>		</tr>
>		<tr>
>			<ti>USE</ti>
>			<ti>This allows you to set what optional components you'd like compiled-in, if
>			available.  For example, if you have <c>gnome</c> inside the USE string, then when
>			you compile <c>xchat</c>, it will include GNOME support.  All our dependencies are
>			also USE-aware.</ti>
>		</tr>
>		<tr>
>			<ti>GENTOO_MIRRORS</ti>
>			<ti>A space separated list of URIs currently mirroring the Gentoo packages.  Portage 
>			will attempt download from a <c>GENTOO_MIRROR</c> first before trying the official
>			<c>SRC_URI</c>.  To force Portage to skip mirrors, set this variable to "".</ti>
>		</tr>
>		</table>
>		</body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>What happened to <path>/etc/make.defaults</path>?</title>
>		<body>
>		<p>As of Portage 1.5 onwards, <path>/etc/make.defaults</path> is antiquated; 
>		if you have portage-1.5-r1 or above installed then you can safely delete it.
>		This file has been replaced by <path>/etc/make.profile/make.defaults</path>
>		(<path>/etc/make.profile</path> should actually be a symlink to, 
>		<path>/usr/portage/profiles/default</path>),
>		which contains system profile-specific default settings. The priority order of
>		the various configuration files is as follows (highest first):
>		<ol>
>			<li>Environment variables</li>
>			<li><path>/etc/make.conf</path>, for your use</li>
>			<li><path>/etc/make.profile/make.defaults</path>, for profile-specific defaults</li>
>			<li><path>/etc/make.globals</path>, for global defaults (settings not specified in
>			any other place come from here)</li>
>		</ol></p></body>
>	</section>
>	
>	<section>
>		<title>Is there a way to upgrade all installed packages
>		e.g. <e>apt-get upgrade</e> or <e>make World</e>?</title>
>		<body><p><b>YES!</b>  Type <c>emerge --update system</c> (use it with <c>--pretend</c> first) to
>		update all core system packages, and use <c>emerge --update world</c> (again, use it with 
>		<c>--pretend</c> first) to do a complete system upgrade of all installed packages.
>
>
>		</p></body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section> 
>		<title>When updating a package using <c>emerge</c> or <c>ebuild</c>, how do I avoid 
>		clobbering my config files?</title>
>		<body><p>
>		Portage now includes config file management support by default.  Type 
>		<c>emerge --help config</c> for more details.  The (overly) simple answer is that if
>		a package installs <path>foo</path> somewhere under <path>/etc</path>, and
>		another <path>foo</path> already exists there, then the new <path>foo</path> will
>		instead be renamed to <path>._cfgxxxx_foo</path> in that directory.  A useful
>		tool for examining and updating any protected config files is <c>etc-update</c>,
>		currently obtained by <c>emerge app-admin/gentoolkit</c>.
>		</p></body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>I want to perform the <c>./configure</c> step myself.  Can I?</title>
>		<body><p>
>		Yes, but it is not trivial.  First do <c>man ebuild</c> followed by
>		<c>ebuild foo-x.y.z.ebuild unpack</c>.  Then <c>cd</c> to 
>		<path>/var/tmp/portage/foo-x.y.z/work</path>.  You can manually perform
>		the <c>./configure</c> and <c>make</c> steps yourself (you'll have to do
>		both, since Portage does not separate the configure and build steps).  To
>		have Portage finish the installation (so that you can easily remove it later,
>		should you desire to do so, and it will be registered in Portage as a possible
>		dependency) you first need to <c>touch /var/tmp/portage/foo-x.y.z/.compiled</c>
>		(tricking Portage into thinking that <c>ebuild foo-x.y.z.ebuild compile</c> has
>		completed), followed by <c>ebuild foo-x.y.z.ebuild merge</c>.
>		</p></body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>What if rsync doesn't work for me?</title>
>		<body><p>
>		If you're behind a firewall that doesn't permit
>		rsync traffic, then you can instead download the daily
>		/usr/portage snapshots from 
>		<uri>http://cvs.gentoo.org/snapshots/</uri>.  Just unpack
>		the tarball (using <c>tar xvjf portage-foo.tbz2</c>) in
>		the <path>/usr</path> directory.
>		</p></body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>How do I use <i>emerge</i> from behind a firewall?</title>
>		<body><p>
>		Edit the PROXY settings in <path>/etc/make.conf</path>.  If that doesn't work,
>		edit <path>/etc/wget/wgetrc</path> and edit http_proxy and ftp_proxy
>		appropriately.
>		</p></body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>Can I rsync from another operating system?</title>
>		<body><p>There's a program called unison that works under both UNIX and Win32, available from
>		<uri>http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/unison/</uri>.</p></body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>I have only slow modem connection at home. Can I download sources somewhere else and
>		add them to my system?</title>
>		<body><p>
>		Definitely. You can run <c>emerge --pretend package</c> to see what programs
>		are going to be installed. Download sources and bring them on any media
>		home. Put the sources into <path>/usr/portage/distfiles</path> and run
>		<c>emerge package</c> to see it picking up the sources you just brought in!
>		</p></body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>.tar.gz sources for installed software are piling up in /usr/portage/distfiles/ using 
>		valuable space. Is it safe to delete these files?</title>
>		<body><p>
>		Yes, you can safely delete these files. But if you are on a slow
>		connection, such as a modem, you might want to keep the archives if
>		possible; often several ebuilds will be released for the same version of
>		a specific piece of software  - if you have deleted the archive and you
>		upgrade the software it will have to be downloaded from the internet
>		again.
>		</p></body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>How can I manage my own ebuilds without destroying them by (r)sync?</title>
>		<body>
>		<p>The simplest method is to use anonymous CVS instead of rsync, and 
>		maintain your local
>		ebuilds in /usr/portage/local.  Here's how to do it:</p>
>		<pre>
># <i>emerge cvs</i> <comment>(if necessary)</comment>
># <i>cd <path>/usr</path></i>
># <i>cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@gentoo.org:/home/anoncvs login</i> <comment>(hit &lt;enter&gt;)</comment>
># <i>cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@gentoo.org:/home/anoncvs get gentoo-x86</i>
># <i>cp /usr/portage/distfiles/* gentoo-x86/distfiles/</i>
># <i>cp -a /usr/portage/packages/* gentoo-x86/packages/</i>
># <i>mv portage portage.old</i>
># <i>ln -s gentoo-x86 portage</i>
># <i>mkdir /usr/portage/local</i>
># <i>echo local &gt;&gt; /usr/portage/profiles/categories</i>
># <i>cp /etc/make.conf /etc/make.conf.orig</i>
># <i>sed -e 's/#SYNC="cvs/SYNC="cvs/' /etc/make.conf.orig &gt; /etc/make.conf</i>
>		</pre>
>		</body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>I went to emerge blackdown-jdk and blackdown-jre, and afterwards
>		<c>java-config --list-available-vms</c> would only list blackdown-jre.
>		Openoffice would then refuse to emerge. What do I do? </title>
>
>		<body>
>		<p>Solution: </p>
>		<pre caption = "Solution">
># <c>emerge unmerge blackdown-jre blackdown-jdk </c>  
># <c>CONFIG_PROTECT="" emerge blackdown-jdk </c>
>		</pre>
>		
>		</body>
>	</section>
>	<section>
>		<title>What's in <path>/var/tmp/portage</path>? Is it safe to delete the files and directories in <path>/var/tmp/portage</path>?</title>
>		<body>
>		During compilation, Gentoo saves the sources of the package in <path>/var/tmp/portage</path>. It is safe to clean out all contents of this directory.
>		</body>
>	</section>
></chapter>
>
><chapter>
>	<title>Usage</title>
>	<section>
>    		<title>I have installed openssh on my box, but can only log in as root - my normal user
>		account doesn't work. </title>
>    		<body>
>		<p>
>		This is most probably because your user account doesn't have a valid shell specified. Check
>		for your user entry in 
>		<path>/etc/passwd</path> and see if it ends in /bin/bash (or any other shell). If it doesn't,
>		you must set a shell for the user. This is done using the usermod command, like this ;
>		</p>
>		<pre># <i>usermod -s /bin/bash myuser</i></pre>
>		</body>
>	</section>
>	
>	<section>
>		<title>I can start X applications as root only.</title>
>		<body><p>Your <path>/tmp</path> directory has the wrong permissions (it needs the sticky bit 
>		set). Type the following as root:</p>
>		<pre># <i>chmod 1777 /tmp</i></pre>
>		</body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>How do I set up an International Keyboard Layout?</title>
>		<body><p>Edit the <c>KEYMAP</c> variable in <path>/etc/rc.conf</path>.
>		Then either reboot or restart the keymaps script:
>		<c>/etc/init.d/keymaps restart</c>.</p>
>		</body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>DNS name resolution works for root only.</title>
>		<body><p><path>/etc/resolv.conf</path> has the wrong permissions; <c>chmod</c> it as follows:
>		</p>
>		<pre># <i>chmod 0644 /etc/resolv.conf</i></pre>
>		</body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>Why is KDE not reading <path>/etc/profile</path>?</title>
>		<body><p>You need to add <c>--login</c> to the first line in <path>/opt/kde2.1/bin/startkde
>		</path>, so that it reads as follows:</p>
>		<pre>#!/bin/sh --login</pre>
>		<p>This fix has been added to recent versions of KDE.</p>
>		</body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>Why can't my user use their own crontab?</title>
>		<body><p>You need to add that user to the <i>cron</i> group.
>		</p>
>		</body>
>	</section>
></chapter>
>
><chapter>
>	<title>Maintenance</title>
>	<section>
>		<title>ReiserFS and filesystem corruption issues -- how to fix'em, etc</title>
>		<body>
>		<p>
>		If your
>		ReiserFS partition is corrupt, try booting the Gentoo 
>		Linux boot CD and run <c>reiserfsck --rebuild-tree</c> on
>		the corrupted filesystem.  This should make the filesystem consistent
>		again, although you may have lost some files or directories due
>		to the corruption.
>		</p>
>		</body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>How to I view the timestamps in /var/log/syslog.d, etc. on a pre-1.0_rc5 Gentoo 
>		system?</title>
>		<body>
>		<p>To view multilog (Gentoo Linux 1.0_rc5 and earlier) timestamps, you need to pipe the 
>		current log through the <c>tai64nlocal</c>command:</p>
>
><pre>
># <i>tai64nlocal &lt; /var/log/syslog.d/current | less</i>
></pre>
>
><p>Or, alternatively, if you want to "tail" the log:</p>
>
><pre>
># <i>tail -f /var/log/syslog.d/current | tai64nlocal</i>
></pre>
>
></body>
>	</section>
></chapter>
>
><chapter>
>	<title>Development</title>
>	<section>
>		<title>Where can I report bugs?</title>
>		<body><p>For bugs within a specific program, contact the program's author. Otherwise, use our
>		Bugzilla bug tracker at <uri>http://bugs.gentoo.org</uri>.  You can also visit us in
>		<c>#gentoo</c> on the <uri link="http://www.openprojects.net">OpenProjects</uri> IRC network.
>		</p></body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>How often are new releases made?</title>
>		<body><p>New releases are announced on the <uri link="http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/lists.xml">gentoo-announce</uri> 
>		mailing list, In reality the packages themselves 
>		are updated shortly after the main authors release new code. As for when new Cd images etc
>		are released, that tends to be whenever there are any major updates to the base code, or when
>		new modules get added.</p></body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>I would like a package to be added to Portage; how would I go about this?</title>
>		<body><p>Head over to <uri>http://bugs.gentoo.org</uri> and submit a new bug of the type
>		"ebuild".  Attach your ebuild to the bug report.</p></body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>How can I add a question or answer to this FAQ?</title>
>		<body><p>Submit a new bug over at <uri>http://bugs.gentoo.org</uri> and add it to the
>		"Docs-user" product.</p></body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>make -f Makefile.cvs on a KDE app produces "invalid unused variable" errors</title>
>		<body><p>
>		Export <c>WANT_AUTOMAKE_1_4=1</c> for all KDE projects before running 
>		<c>make -f Makefile.cvs</c>. Also, for KDE2 apps export <c>WANT_AUTOCONF_2_1=1</c>, 
>		and for KDE3 apps export <c>WANT_AUTOCONF_2_5=1</c>.
>		</p></body>
>	</section>
>
>
>	<section>
>   		<title>My speaker beeps like crazy while compiling Mozilla. How do I disable console beeps?
>    		</title>
>    	<body>
>        <p>
>            Console beeps can be turned off using setterm, like this ;
>
>        <pre># <i>setterm -blength 0</i></pre>
>
>            If you would like to turn off the console beeps on boot
>            you need to put this command in  
>            <path>/etc/conf.d/local.start</path>. However, this only
>            disables beeps for the current terminal. To disable
>            beeps for other terminals, pipe the command output to the 
>            target terminal, like this ;
>
>        <pre># <i>setterm -blength 0 >/dev/vc/1</i></pre>
>
>            You need to replace /dev/vc/1 with the terminal
>            you would like to disable console beeps for.
>        </p>
>    	</body>
>	</section>
></chapter>
>
><chapter>
><title>Resources</title>
>	<section>
>		<title>Where can I find more about supervise used by default in Gentoo Linux 1.0_rc5 and earlier?</title>
>		<body><p><uri>http://cr.yp.to/daemontools.html</uri></p></body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>Where can I find more information about Gentoo Linux?</title>
>		<body><p>The official Gentoo documentation can be found on <uri>http://www.gentoo.org</uri>; general Linux information is at <uri>http://www.linuxdoc.org</uri>.</p></body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>Can I buy a CD of Gentoo Linux?</title>
>		<body><p>Yes!  Fresh CDRs are available for $5 USD apiece from 
>		<uri link = "http://cart.cheapbytes.com/cgi-bin/cart/0070010805">Cheapbytes</uri>.
>		</p>
>		<p>There are also CDs for sale at <uri link = "http://www.tuxcds.com/section.php?section=42">
>		tuxcds</uri> for a very good price. These people also bounce back a portion of the profits
>		to the Gentoo project, so buy them while they are hot! </p>
>		</body>
>	</section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>Why, when I hit reply to a post on a Gentoo mailing list, does my answer 
>		only go to the original poster and not the entire list?</title>
>		<body>
>		<p>The mailing list administrators have decided to go with minimal munging 
>		(altering of mail headers), which means that they have decided against  
>		altering headers to have replies go to the mailing list.  There are various 
>		reasons for this. For example, if a subscriber has a full mailbox, the 
>		entire list receives notice of this every time that something is posted.  
>
>		Most GUI based mailers have a "reply to all" function. This will ensure that 
>		your reply goes to the mailing list as well as the original poster. Most 
>		users of text based emailers already know the methods to use, but if you 
>		don't, in Pine, there is a "reply to group" option.  Setting Mutt to reply to 
>		the list is covered in the unofficial documentation at
>		<uri link="http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=1085">forums.gentoo.org</uri>.
>
>		Some list members do not like this method, but it was very heavily 
>		discussed when it went into effect, with arguments on both sides.  
>		Eventually the list administrators decided to keep it this way. Discussing 
>		it on the mailing list will sometimes bring a polite explanation and other 
>		times a rather brusque comment to check the archives. Although the 
>		administrators regret the inconvenience that it may cause some users, it is 
>		felt that at present it is preferable to the alternative for several 
>		reasons, many of these covered
>		<uri link="http://www.unicom.com/pw/reply-to-harmful.html">here</uri>.  
>
>		 (There are other eloquent arguments in favor of munging, and yes, the list 
>		 administrators have seen them.) </p>
>		 </body>
>		 </section>
>
>	<section>
>		<title>This FAQ hasn't answered my question.  What do I do now?</title>
>		<body>
>		<p>A good first step is to browse through the relevant doumentation <uri link="http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/docs.xml">here</uri>, 
>		failing that, the various Gentoo Linux mailing
>		lists listed on <uri link="http://www.google.com">Google</uri>.  To search through the Gentoo mailling lists, 
>		just enter "lists.gentoo.org foo" to search for "foo".  If all else fails, or you just want
>		to hang out with Gentoo folks, visit us on irc: <i>#gentoo</i>
>		on <i>irc.freenode.net</i>.
>		</p>
>		</body>
>	</section>
></chapter>
></guide>

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