--- file_not_specified_in_diff	
+++ file_not_specified_in_diff	
@@ -, +, @@ 
--- a/include/EST_String.h
+++ b/include/EST_String.h
@@ -574,10 +574,10 @@ 
       */
     //@{
     friend int fcompare(const EST_String &a, const EST_String &b, 
-			const unsigned char *table=NULL);
+			const unsigned char *table);
 
     friend int fcompare(const EST_String &a, const char *b, 
-				const unsigned char *table=NULL);
+				const unsigned char *table);
     ///
     friend inline int fcompare(const EST_String &a, const EST_String &b, 
 			       const EST_String &table) 
--- a/grammar/ngram/EST_Ngrammar.cc	
+++ a/grammar/ngram/EST_Ngrammar.cc	
@@ -1503,7 +1503,7 @@ bool EST_Ngrammar::compute_backoff_weights(const int mincount,
     
     backoff_restore_unigram_states();
     
-    Good_Turing_discount(*this,maxcount);
+    Good_Turing_discount(*this,maxcount,0.5);
     
     // and since some frequencies will have been set to zero
     // we have to prune away those branches of the tree
--- a/grammar/ngram/freqsmooth.cc	
+++ a/grammar/ngram/freqsmooth.cc	
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ void Ngram_freqsmooth(EST_Ngrammar &ngram,int smooth_thresh1,
     EST_Ngrammar *backoff_ngrams;
     backoff_ngrams = new EST_Ngrammar[ngram.order()-1];
 
-    Good_Turing_smooth(ngram,smooth_thresh1);
+    Good_Turing_smooth(ngram,smooth_thresh1,0.5);
 
     fs_build_backoff_ngrams(backoff_ngrams,ngram);
 
--- a/grammar/ngram/ngrammar_aux.cc	
+++ a/grammar/ngram/ngrammar_aux.cc	
@@ -430,13 +430,13 @@ Good_Turing_smooth(EST_Ngrammar &ngrammar, int maxcount, int mincount)
 	EST_DVector freqs,mapped_freqs;
 	// grammar is of a single order - simple
 	// Find frequency distribution
-	frequency_of_frequencies(freqs,ngrammar);
+	frequency_of_frequencies(freqs,ngrammar,0);
 	// smoothing should be optional - to do
 	smoothed_frequency_distribution_ExponentialFit(freqs,maxcount-1);
 	// Build map of frequencies
 	adjusted_frequencies_BasicGoodTuring(mapped_freqs,freqs,maxcount);
 	// Map all frequencies in grammar to Good Turing Smoothed values
-	map_frequencies(ngrammar,mapped_freqs);
+	map_frequencies(ngrammar,mapped_freqs,0);
 	
     }
     break;
--- a/include/EST_Ngrammar.h	
+++ a/include/EST_Ngrammar.h	
@@ -538,18 +538,18 @@ public:
 						     double floor);
     friend EST_write_status save_ngram_htk_ascii(const EST_String filename, 
 						 EST_Ngrammar &n,
-						 double floor=0.0);
+						 double floor);
 
     //friend EST_write_status save_ngram_htk_binary(const EST_String filename, 
     //					  EST_Ngrammar &n);
     friend EST_write_status save_ngram_cstr_ascii(const EST_String filename, 
 						  EST_Ngrammar &n,
-						  const bool trace=false,
-						  double floor=0.0);
+						  const bool trace,
+						  double floor);
     friend EST_write_status save_ngram_cstr_bin(const EST_String filename, 
 						EST_Ngrammar &n, 
-						const bool trace=false,
-						double floor=0.0);
+						const bool trace,
+						double floor);
     friend EST_write_status save_ngram_arpa(const EST_String filename, 
 					    EST_Ngrammar &n);
     friend EST_write_status save_ngram_arpa_sub(ostream *ost, 
@@ -561,11 +561,11 @@ public:
     // Auxiliary functions
     
     // smoothing
-friend void frequency_of_frequencies(EST_DVector &ff, EST_Ngrammar &n,int this_order=0);
-friend void map_frequencies(EST_Ngrammar &n, const EST_DVector &map, const int this_order=0);
-friend bool Good_Turing_smooth(EST_Ngrammar &n, int maxcount, int mincount=0);
+friend void frequency_of_frequencies(EST_DVector &ff, EST_Ngrammar &n,int this_order);
+friend void map_frequencies(EST_Ngrammar &n, const EST_DVector &map, const int this_order);
+friend bool Good_Turing_smooth(EST_Ngrammar &n, int maxcount, int mincount);
 friend void Good_Turing_discount(EST_Ngrammar &ngrammar, const int maxcount,
-				 const double default_discount=0.5);
+				 const double default_discount);
 
 friend void fs_build_backoff_ngrams(EST_Ngrammar *backoff_ngrams,
 				    EST_Ngrammar &ngram);
--- a/include/EST_TMatrix.h	
+++ a/include/EST_TMatrix.h	
@@ -313,8 +313,9 @@ public:
   friend ostream& operator << (ostream &st,const EST_TMatrix<T> &a)
     {int i, j; 
         for (i = 0; i < a.num_rows(); ++i) {
-            for (j = 0; j < a.num_columns(); ++j) 
+            for (j = 0; j < a.num_columns(); ++j) {
                 st << a.a_no_check(i, j) << " "; st << endl;
+			}
         }
         return st;
     }
--- a/include/EST_TVector.h	
+++ a/include/EST_TVector.h	
@@ -313,8 +313,9 @@ public:
     friend ostream& operator << (ostream &st, const EST_TVector<T> &m)
     {
         int i; 
-        for (i = 0; i < m.n(); ++i) 
+        for (i = 0; i < m.n(); ++i) {
             st << m(i) << " "; st << endl; 
+		}
         return st;
     }
 
--- a/main/ngram_build_main.cc	
+++ a/main/ngram_build_main.cc	
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
     else if (al.present("-smooth") && !al.present("-backoff"))
     {
 	int smoothcount = atoi(al.val("-smooth"));
-	if(!Good_Turing_smooth(ngrammar,smoothcount))
+	if(!Good_Turing_smooth(ngrammar,smoothcount,0.5))
 	{
 	    cerr << "build_ngram: Failed to smooth " << order << "-gram" << endl;
 	    exit(1);