Attachment 59082 Details for Bug 92855 – codenote added

codenote added

hb-install-system.xml (text/plain), 15.85 KB, created by Curtis Napier (RETIRED) on 2005-05-16 21:28:42 UTC

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Creator: Curtis Napier (RETIRED)

Created: 2005-05-16 21:28:42 UTC

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><?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
><!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd">
>
>
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>
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>
><sections>
>
><version>2.4</version>
><date>2005-05-07</date>
>
><section>
><title>Chrooting</title>
><subsection>
><title>Optional: Selecting Mirrors</title>
><body>
>
>
>In order to download source code quickly it is recommended to select a fast
>mirror. Portage will look in your <path>make.conf</path> file for the
>GENTOO_MIRRORS variable and use the mirrors listed therein. You can surf to
>our <uri link="/main/en/mirrors.xml">mirror list</uri> and search
>for a mirror (or mirrors) close to you (as those are most frequently the 
>fastest ones), but we provide a nice tool called <c>mirrorselect</c> which
>provides you with a nice interface to select the mirrors you want.
>
> 
><pre caption="Using mirrorselect for the GENTOO_MIRRORS variable">
># mirrorselect -i -o &gt;&gt; /mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf
></pre>
>
><warn>
>Do not select any IPv6 mirrors. Our stages currently do not support IPv6.
></warn>
>
>
>A second important setting is the SYNC setting in <path>make.conf</path>. This
>variable contains the rsync server you want to use when updating your Portage
>tree (the collection of ebuilds, scripts containing all the information Portage
>needs to download and install software). Although you can manually enter a SYNC
>server for yourself, <c>mirrorselect</c> can ease that operation for you:
>
>
><pre caption="Selecting an rsync mirror using mirrorselect">
># mirrorselect -i -r -o &gt;&gt; /mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf
></pre>
>
>
>After running <c>mirrorselect</c> it is adviseable to double-check the settings
>in <path>/mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf</path> !
>
>
></body>
></subsection>
><subsection>
><title>Copy DNS Info</title>
><body>
>
>
>One thing still remains to be done before we enter the new environment and that
>is copying over the DNS information in <path>/etc/resolv.conf</path>. You need
>to do this to ensure that networking still works even after entering the new
>environment. <path>/etc/resolv.conf</path> contains the nameservers for your
>network.
>
>
><pre caption="Copy over DNS information">
><comment>(The "-L" option is needed to make sure we don't copy a symbolic link)</comment>
># cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf
></pre>
>
></body>
></subsection>
><subsection>
><title>Mounting the proc Filesystem</title>
><body>
>
>
>Mount the <path>/proc</path> filesystem on <path>/mnt/gentoo/proc</path> to
>allow the installation to use the kernel-provided information even within the
>chrooted environment.
>
>
><pre caption="Mounting /proc">
># mount -t proc none /mnt/gentoo/proc
></pre>
>
></body>
></subsection>
><subsection>
><title>Entering the new Environment</title>
><body>
>
>
>Now that all partitions are initialized and the base environment
>installed, it is time to enter our new installation environment by
><e>chrooting</e> into it. This means that we change from the current
>installation environment (Installation CD or other installation medium) to your
>installation system (namely the initialized partitions).
>
>
>
>This chrooting is done in three steps. First we will change the root
>from <path>/</path> (on the installation medium) to <path>/mnt/gentoo</path> 
>(on your partitions) using <c>chroot</c>. Then we will create a new environment
>using <c>env-update</c>, which essentially creates environment variables.
>Finally, we load those variables into memory using <c>source</c>.
>
>
><pre caption = "Chrooting into the new environment">
># chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
># env-update
> * Caching service dependencies...
># source /etc/profile
></pre>
>
>
>Congratulations! You are now inside your own Gentoo Linux environment.
>Of course it is far from finished, which is why the installation still
>has some sections left :-)
>
>
></body>
></subsection>
><subsection>
><title>Updating the Portage tree</title>
><body>
>
>
>You should now update your Portage tree to the latest version. <c>emerge 
>--sync</c> does this for you.
>
>
><pre caption="Updating the Portage tree">
># emerge --sync
></pre>
>
><codenote>
>If you wish to speed up this process, you may use <c>emerge --sync --quiet</c>
>instead. This will tell <c>emerge</c> to run the synchronisation process
>quietly, and may make a significant difference in speed when working on slower
>machines.
></codenote>
>
>
>If you are behind a firewall that blocks rsync traffic, you can use
><c>emerge-webrsync</c> which will download and install a portage snapshot for
>you.
>
>
>
>If you are warned that a new Portage version is available and that you should
>update Portage, you should ignore it. Portage will be updated for you later
>on during the installation.
>
>
></body>
></subsection>
><subsection>
><title>Choosing the Right Profile</title>
><body>
>
>
>First, a small definition is in place.
>
>
>
>A profile is a building block for any Gentoo system. Not only does it specify
>default values for CHOST, CFLAGS and other important variables, it also locks
>the system to a certain range of package versions. This is all maintained by the
>Gentoo developers.
>
>
>
>Previously, such a profile was barely touched by the user. However, recently,
>x86, hppa and alpha users can choose between two profiles, one for a 2.4 kernel
>and one for a 2.6 kernel. This requirement has been imposed to improve the
>integration of the 2.6 kernels.
>
>
>
>You can see what profile you are currently using by issuing the following
>command:
>
>
><pre caption="Verifying system profile">
># ls -l /etc/make.profile
>lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 48 Mar 7 11:55 /etc/make.profile ->
> ../usr/portage/profiles/default-linux/x86/2005.0
></pre>
>
>
>If you are using one of the aforementioned three architectures, you will see an
>additional profile in the one listed by the <path>make.profile</path> symlink:
>
>
><pre caption="Finding out if an additional profile exists">
># ls -F /etc/make.profile/
>2.4/ packages parent virtuals
></pre>
>
>
>As you can see, in the above example there is a 2.4 subdirectory. This means
>that the current profile uses the 2.6 kernel; if you want a 2.4-based system,
>you need to relink your <path>make.profile</path> symlink:
>
>
><pre caption="Relinking the profile">
># ln -snf /usr/portage/profiles/default-linux/x86/2005.0/2.4 /etc/make.profile
></pre>
>
></body>
></subsection>
><subsection id="configure_USE">
><title>Configuring the USE variable</title>
><body>
>
>
><c>USE</c> is one of the most powerful variables Gentoo provides to its users.
>Several programs can be compiled with or without optional support for certain
>items. For instance, some programs can be compiled with gtk-support, or with
>qt-support. Others can be compiled with or without SSL support. Some programs
>can even be compiled with framebuffer support (svgalib) instead of X11 support
>(X-server).
>
>
>
>Most distributions compile their packages with support for as much as possible,
>increasing the size of the programs and startup time, not to mention an enormous
>amount of dependencies. With Gentoo you can define what options a package 
>should be compiled with. This is where <c>USE</c> comes into play.
>
>
>
>In the <c>USE</c> variable you define keywords which are mapped onto
>compile-options. For instance, <e>ssl</e> will compile ssl-support in the
>programs that support it. <e>-X</e> will remove X-server support (note the minus
>sign in front). <e>gnome gtk -kde -qt</e> will compile your programs with gnome
>(and gtk) support, and not with kde (and qt) support, making your system fully
>tweaked for GNOME.
>
>
>
>The default <c>USE</c> settings are placed in the <path>make.defaults</path> 
>files of your profile. You will find <path>make.defaults</path> files in the
>directory which <path>/etc/make.profile</path> points to and all parent 
>directories as well. The default <c>USE</c> setting is the sum of all <c>USE</c>
>settings in all <path>make.defaults</path> files. What you place in
><path>/etc/make.conf</path> is calculated against these defaults settings. If
>you add something to the <c>USE</c> setting, it is added to the default list. If
>you remove something from the <c>USE</c> setting (by placing a minus sign in
>front of it) it is removed from the default list (if it was in the default list
>at all). <e>Never</e> alter anything inside the <path>/etc/make.profile</path>
>directory; it gets overwritten when you update Portage!
>
>
>
>A full description on <c>USE</c> can be found in the second part of the Gentoo
>Handbook, <uri link="?part=2&amp;chap=2">USE flags</uri>. A full description on
>the available USE flags can be found on your system in
><path>/usr/portage/profiles/use.desc</path>. 
>
>
><pre caption="Viewing available USE flags">
># less /usr/portage/profiles/use.desc
><comment>(You can scroll using your arrow keys, exit by pressing 'q')</comment>
></pre>
>
>
>As an example we show a <c>USE</c> setting for a KDE-based system with DVD, ALSA
>and CD Recording support:
>
>
><pre caption="Opening /etc/make.conf">
># nano -w /etc/make.conf
></pre>
>
><pre caption="USE setting">
>USE="-gtk -gnome qt kde dvd alsa cdr"
></pre>
>
></body>
></subsection>
><subsection>
><title>Optional: GLIBC Locales</title>
><body>
>
>
>You will probably only use one or maybe two locales on your system. Up until now
>after compiling <c>glibc</c> a full set of all available locales will be
>created. As of now you can activate the <c>userlocales</c> USE flag and specify
>only the locales you will need in <path>/etc/locales.build</path>. Only do this
>if you know what locales to choose. This will not work for the bootstrapping,
>but when you recompile glibc afterwards it will.
>
>
><pre caption="Activate the userlocales USE flag especially for glibc">
># mkdir /etc/portage
># echo "sys-libs/glibc userlocales" >> /etc/portage/package.use
></pre>
>
>
>Now specify the locales you want to be able to use:
>
>
><pre caption="Opening /etc/locales.build">
># nano -w /etc/locales.build
></pre>
>
>
>The following locales are an example to get both English (United States) and
>German (Germany) with the accompanying character formats (like UTF-8).
>
>
><pre caption="Specify your locales">
>en_US/ISO-8859-1
>en_US.UTF-8/UTF-8
>de_DE/ISO-8859-1
>de_DE@euro/ISO-8859-15
></pre>
>
></body>
></subsection>
></section>
><section>
><title>Differences between Stage1, Stage2 and Stage3</title>
><body>
>
>
>Now take a seat and think of your previous steps. We asked you to
>select a <e>stage1</e>, <e>stage2</e> or <e>stage3</e> and warned you
>that your choice is important for further installation steps. Well, this
>is the first place where your choice defines the subsequent steps.
>
>
><ul>
><li>
> If you chose <e>stage1</e>, then you have to follow <e>both</e> steps in
> this chapter (starting with <uri link="#doc_chap3">Progressing from Stage1 
> to Stage2</uri>)
></li>
><li>
> If you chose <e>stage2</e> you only can skip the first step
> and immediately start with the second one (<uri link="#doc_chap4">Progressing
> from Stage2 to Stage3</uri>)
></li>
><li>
> If you chose <e>stage3</e> then you can skip both
> steps and continue with <uri link="?part=1&amp;chap=7">Configuring the 
> Kernel</uri>
></li>
></ul>
>
></body>
></section>
><section>
><title>Progressing from Stage1 to Stage2</title>
><subsection>
><title>Introduction to Bootstrapping</title>
><body>
>
>
>So, you want to compile everything from scratch? Okay then :-)
>
>
>
>In this step, we will <e>bootstrap</e> your Gentoo system. This takes a
>long time, but the result is a system that has been optimized from the
>ground up for your specific machine and needs.
>
>
>
><e>Bootstrapping</e> means building the GNU C Library, GNU Compiler
>Collection and several other key system programs. 
>
>
>
>Before starting the bootstrap, you might want to download all necessary
>sourcecode first. If you do not want to do this, continue 
>with <uri link="#bootstrap">Bootstrapping the System</uri>.
>
>
></body>
></subsection>
><subsection>
><title>Optional: Downloading the Sources First</title>
><body>
>
>
>If you haven't copied over all source code before, then the bootstrap
>script will download all necessary files. If you want to 
>download the source code first and later bootstrap the system (for instance 
>because you don't want to have your internet connection open during the 
>compilation) use the <e>-f</e> option of the bootstrap script, which will 
>fetch (hence the letter <e>f</e>) all source code for you.
>
>
><pre caption = "Downloading the necessary sources">
># cd /usr/portage
># scripts/bootstrap.sh -f
></pre>
>
></body>
></subsection>
><subsection id="bootstrap">
><title>Bootstrapping the System</title>
><body>
>
>
>Okay then, take your keyboard and punch in the next commands to start
>the bootstrap. Then go amuse yourself with something else because this step 
>takes quite some time to finish.
>
>
><pre caption = "Bootstrapping the system">
># cd /usr/portage
># scripts/bootstrap.sh
></pre>
>
>
>Now continue with the next step, <uri link="#doc_chap4">Progressing from Stage2
>to Stage3</uri>.
>
>
></body>
></subsection>
></section>
><section>
><title>Progressing from Stage2 to Stage3</title>
><subsection>
><title>Introduction</title>
><body>
>
>
>If you are reading this section, then you have a bootstrapped system
>(either because you bootstrapped it previously, or you are using a
><e>stage2</e>). Then it is now time to build all system packages.
>
>
>
><e>All</e> system packages? No, not really. In this step, you will build
>the system packages of which there are no alternatives to use.
>Some system packages have several alternatives (such as system loggers)
>and as Gentoo is all about choices, we don't want to force one upon you.
>
>
></body>
></subsection>
><subsection>
><title>Optional: Viewing what will be done</title>
><body>
>
>
>If you want to know what packages will be installed, execute <c>emerge
>--pretend --emptytree system</c>. This will list all packages that will be 
>built. As this list is pretty big, you should also use a pager like 
><c>less</c> or <c>more</c> to go up and down the list.
>
>
><pre caption = "View what 'emerge system' will do">
># emerge --pretend --emptytree system | less
></pre>
>
>
>Note that, if you haven't touched the default CFLAGS/CXXFLAGS setting, using 
><c>emerge --pretend --newuse system</c> is sufficient: it will rebuild the
>applications that are affected by a change in USE flags (compared to the USE 
>flag we used while building the stage2). If you didn't touch 
>the USE flag either, why are you running a stage2 installation then?
>
>
></body>
></subsection>
><subsection>
><title>Optional: Downloading the Sources</title>
><body>
>
>
>If you want <c>emerge</c> to download the sources before you continue
>(for instance because you don't want the internet connection to be left
>open while you are building all packages) you can use the <e>--fetchonly</e>
>option of <c>emerge</c> which will fetch all sources for you. 
>
>
><pre caption = "Fetching the sources">
># emerge --fetchonly --emptytree system
></pre>
>
></body>
></subsection>
><subsection>
><title>Building the System</title>
><body>
>
>
>To start building the system, execute <c>emerge --emptytree system</c>. Then 
>go do something to keep your mind busy, because this step takes a long time to 
>complete.
>
>
><pre caption = "Building the System">
># emerge --emptytree system
></pre>
>
>
>Again, if you haven't touched the default CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS setting, using
><c>--newuse</c> is sufficient.
>
>
>
>You can for now safely ignore any warnings about updated configuration files
>(and running <c>etc-update</c>). When your Gentoo system is fully installed and
>booted, do read our documentation on <uri
>link="?part=3&amp;chap=2#doc_chap3">Configuration File Protection</uri>.
>
>
>
>When the build process has completed, continue with <uri
>link="?part=1&amp;chap=7">Configuring the Kernel</uri>.
>
>
></body>
></subsection>
></section>
>
></sections>

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Attachments on bug 92855: 59082 | 59084 | 59089 | 59129