Attachment 36940 Details for Bug 59164 – Glossary document, reviewed

Glossary document, reviewed

glossary.xml (text/plain), 4.94 KB, created by Sven Vermeulen (RETIRED) on 2004-08-07 05:32:57 UTC

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Creator: Sven Vermeulen (RETIRED)

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><?xml version='1.0' encoding="UTF-8"?>
>
><guide link="/proj/en/hardened/docs/glossary.xml">
>
><title>Introduction to Gentoo Hardened</title>
><author title="Author">
>  <mail link="tseng@gentoo.org">Brandon Hale</mail>
></author>
>
><abstract>
>This document introduces the Gentoo Hardened project and covers
>each of its subprojects in simple terms.
></abstract>
>
>
>
><license/>
>
><version>1.1</version>
><date>August 07, 2004</date>
>
><chapter>
><title>What is Gentoo Hardened?</title>
><section>
><body>
>
><p>
>Gentoo Hardened is a subproject that works to bring advanced
>security features to Gentoo Linux. Hardened is not a single product
>but rather a set of complimentary pieces of software intended to cover
>many aspects of Linux security. The major components are ACL systems,
>SSP/ET_DYN and Intrusion Detection Systems.
></p>
>
></body>
></section>
></chapter>
>
><chapter id="acl">
><title>ACL's (Access Control Lists)</title>
><section>
><body>
>
><p>
>ACL's give the systems administrator a more powerful tool to control access
>to various system resources than was possible in traditional UNIX systems.
>Such systems allow you to allow/disallow access to all aspects of a system to
>users or groups of users, and to create powerful rulesets.
></p>
>
><p>
>ACL systems supported by Gentoo Hardened include Grsecurity, SELinux, and
>Systrace.
></p>
>
></body>
></section>
><section id="grsecurity">
><title>Grsecurity</title>
><body>
>
><p>
>Grsecurity may be the most common ACL system, and is found in several of
>Gentoo's patched kernel source trees. An advantage of Grsecurity is that
>it includes more than just an ACL system. It also provides PaX, a kernel
>patch that forces memory to be nonexecutable, thwarting common attacks.
>It also adds some other hardening features, including more randomness in
>memory allocation and TCP packets, and stricter enforcement of chroot.
></p>
>
></body>
></section>
><section id="selinux">
><title>SELinux</title>
><body>
>
><p>
>SELinux was written by the NSA and can enforce policies on all processes and
>objects on a system. Many people, including the Hardened project, are so
>confident in its ability to lock down a system that they have setup public 
>machines and challenge anyone to take down the box (given a root password!)
></p>
>
></body>
></section>
><section id="systrace">
><title>Systrace</title>
><body>
>
><p>
>Systrace is a lightweight ACL system with an easy to use policy editor and a 
>gui for on-the-fly policy management. Additionally this allows applications 
>which require root capabilities to run without setuid and setgid flags.
></p>
>
></body>
></section>
></chapter>
>
><chapter>
><title>SSP/ET_DYN</title>
><section>
><body>
>
><p>
>These two hardening features are added to binaries at compile time by GCC.
></p>
>
></body>
></section>
><section id="et_dyn">
><title>ET_DYN/PIE</title>
><body>
>
><p>
>Another compile time feature to protect a programs space in memory from
>exploitation. This feature tells the compiler to create a Position Independent
>Executable, which can be used by a PaX (see below) enabled kernel to fully 
>randomize the executable's memory space. This protection method has no 
>noticable performance impact, and prevents exploits that are written to
>target specific memory addresses. This can be enabled transparently via
>hardened-gcc (See Below.)
></p>
>
></body>
></section>
><section id="ssp">
><title>SSP (Stack Smashing Protection)</title>
><body>
>
><p>
>Known commonly as ProPolice, this GCC patch is included by default in Gentoo,
>but not enabled. This protects binaries from malicious code insertion into the
>stack. Whenever a buffer (area in memory where a program accepts user input) is
>created, ProPolice inserts a cryptographic "canary", and after each write to a 
>buffer verifies that the canary has not been overwritten. This nullifies a
>common attack where a cracker inserts malicious code past the edge of a buffer
>and the program blindly executes it. This feature is enabled via the compiler
>flag "-fstack-protector" or transparently via hardened-gcc (See Below.)
></p>
>
></body>
></section>
><section id="hardened-gcc">
><title>Hardened GCC</title>
><body>
>
><p>
>This is a shell script written by the Gentoo Hardened project to easily
>enable/disable SSP and/or ET_DYN building of binaries. This is done
>transparently using gcc spec files, so applies to all compiles, not just
>Portage.
></p>
>
></body>
></section>
></chapter>
>
><chapter id="ids">
><title>Instrusion Detection Systems</title>
><section>
><body>
>
><p>
>This class of programs monitor log files for suspicious activity and report
>it to the administrator.
></p>
>
></body>
></section>
><section id="prelude">
><title>Prelude</title>
><body>
>
><p>
>Prelude is a hybrid intrusion detection system that tracks both network 
>intrusions and host intrusions with an lml (log monitoring lackey). 
>Integrating this on a large scale, adding support to certain apps, and adding 
>rules so that lml can monitor other projects like SELinux.
></p>
>
></body>
></section>
></chapter>
></guide>

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