|
Lines 2-229
Link Here
|
| 2 |
<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "http://www.gentoo.org/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
2 |
<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "http://www.gentoo.org/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
| 3 |
|
3 |
|
| 4 |
<guide link="/doc/en/guide-localization.xml"> |
4 |
<guide link="/doc/en/guide-localization.xml"> |
| 5 |
<title>Gentoo Linux Localization Guide</title> |
5 |
<title>Gentoo Linux Localization Guide</title> |
| 6 |
<author title="Author"><mail link="holler@gentoo.de"> |
6 |
<author title="Author"> |
| 7 |
Alexander Holler</mail> |
7 |
<mail link="holler@gentoo.de">Alexander Holler</mail> |
| 8 |
</author> |
8 |
</author> |
| 9 |
<author title="Translator/Editor"><mail link="slucy@uchicago.edu"> |
9 |
<author title="Translator/Editor"> |
| 10 |
Steven Lucy</mail> |
10 |
<mail link="slucy@uchicago.edu">Steven Lucy</mail> |
| 11 |
</author> |
11 |
</author> |
| 12 |
<author title="Editor"> |
12 |
<author title="Editor"> |
| 13 |
<mail link="pylon@gentoo.org">Lars Weiler</mail> |
13 |
<mail link="pylon@gentoo.org">Lars Weiler</mail> |
| 14 |
</author> |
14 |
</author> |
| 15 |
|
15 |
|
| 16 |
<abstract> |
16 |
<abstract>This guide should help users localize their Gentoo Linux |
| 17 |
This guide should help users localize their Gentoo Linux distribution to any |
17 |
distribution to any European locale. It uses Germany as a case-study, since |
| 18 |
European locale. It uses Germany as a case-study, since it is translated from |
18 |
it is translated from the German doc. Includes configuration for use of the |
| 19 |
the German doc. Includes configuration for use of the Euro currency symbol. |
19 |
Euro currency symbol.</abstract> |
| 20 |
</abstract> |
20 |
|
| 21 |
|
21 |
<version>1.6</version> |
| 22 |
<version>1.6</version> |
22 |
<date>October 9, 2003</date> |
| 23 |
<date>October 9, 2003</date> |
23 |
|
| 24 |
|
24 |
<chapter> |
| 25 |
<chapter> |
25 |
<title>Timezone</title> |
| 26 |
<title>Timezone</title> |
26 |
<section> |
| 27 |
<section> |
27 |
<body> |
| 28 |
<body> |
28 |
|
| 29 |
<p>In order to keep time properly, |
29 |
<p>In order to keep time properly, <path>/etc/localtime</path> must |
| 30 |
<path>/etc/localtime</path> must point to the correct time zone |
30 |
point to the correct time zone data file. Look around in |
| 31 |
data file. Look around in <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo/</path> |
31 |
<path>/usr/share/zoneinfo/</path> and pick your timezone or a near-by |
| 32 |
and pick your timezone or a near-by big city. |
32 |
big city.</p> |
| 33 |
<pre caption="setting the timezone"> |
33 |
|
|
|
34 |
<pre caption="setting the timezone"> |
| 34 |
# <i>ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime</i> |
35 |
# <i>ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime</i> |
| 35 |
# <i>date</i> |
36 |
# <i>date</i> |
| 36 |
Sun Feb 16 08:26:44 CET 2003 |
37 |
Sun Feb 16 08:26:44 CET 2003 |
| 37 |
</pre> |
38 |
</pre> |
| 38 |
<note>Make sure that the three-letter timezone indicator (in this case "CET") |
39 |
|
| 39 |
is correct for your area.</note> |
40 |
<note>Make sure that the three-letter timezone indicator (in this case |
| 40 |
<note>You can set the value of <i>TZ</i> to be everything after the |
41 |
"CET") is correct for your area.</note> |
| 41 |
<path>/usr/share/zoninfo</path> in your shell rc file |
42 |
|
| 42 |
(<path>.bash_profile</path> for bash) for a user-level setting. In this case |
43 |
<note>You can set the value of <i>TZ</i> to be everything after the |
| 43 |
<i>TZ="Europe/Berlin"</i>.</note> |
44 |
<path>/usr/share/zoninfo</path> in your shell rc file |
| 44 |
</p> |
45 |
(<path>.bash_profile</path> for bash) for a user-level setting. In this |
| 45 |
</body> |
46 |
case <i>TZ="Europe/Berlin"</i>.</note> |
| 46 |
</section> |
47 |
|
| 47 |
</chapter> |
48 |
</body> |
| 48 |
|
49 |
</section> |
| 49 |
<chapter> |
50 |
</chapter> |
| 50 |
<title>System Clock</title> |
51 |
|
| 51 |
<section> |
52 |
<chapter> |
| 52 |
<body> |
53 |
<title>System Clock</title> |
| 53 |
<p> |
54 |
<section> |
| 54 |
In most Gentoo Linux installations, your system clock is set to |
55 |
<body> |
| 55 |
UTC (or GMT, Greenwhich Mean Time) and then your timezone is |
56 |
|
| 56 |
taken into account to determine the actual, local time. If, |
57 |
<p>In most Gentoo Linux installations, your system clock is set to UTC |
| 57 |
for some reason, you need your system clock not to be in UTC, |
58 |
(or GMT, Greenwhich Mean Time) and then your timezone is taken into |
| 58 |
you will need to edit <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> and change the |
59 |
account to determine the actual, local time. If, for some reason, you |
| 59 |
value of <i>CLOCK</i>. |
60 |
need your system clock not to be in UTC, you will need to edit |
| 60 |
|
61 |
<path>/etc/rc.conf</path> and change the value of <i>CLOCK</i>.</p> |
| 61 |
<pre caption="local vs. GMT clock"> |
62 |
|
| 62 |
<codenote>recommended:</codenote> |
63 |
<pre caption="local vs. GMT clock"> |
| 63 |
CLOCK="UTC" |
64 |
<codenote>recommended:</codenote> |
| 64 |
<codenote>or:</codenote> |
65 |
CLOCK="UTC" |
| 65 |
CLOCK="local" |
66 |
<codenote>or:</codenote> |
| 66 |
</pre> |
67 |
CLOCK="local" |
| 67 |
</p> |
68 |
</pre> |
| 68 |
</body> |
69 |
|
| 69 |
</section> |
70 |
</body> |
| 70 |
</chapter> |
71 |
</section> |
| 71 |
|
72 |
</chapter> |
| 72 |
<chapter> |
73 |
|
| 73 |
<title>POSIX Locale</title> |
74 |
<chapter> |
| 74 |
<section> |
75 |
<title>POSIX Locale</title> |
| 75 |
<body> |
76 |
<section> |
| 76 |
<p> |
77 |
<body> |
| 77 |
The next step is to set the <i>LANG</i> shell variable, which |
78 |
|
| 78 |
is used by your shell and window manager (and some other |
79 |
<p>The next step is to set the <i>LANG</i> shell variable, which is used |
| 79 |
applications). Valid values can be found in |
80 |
by your shell and window manager (and some other applications). Valid |
| 80 |
<path>/usr/share/locale</path> and generally take the form |
81 |
values can be found in <path>/usr/share/locale</path> and generally take |
| 81 |
<i>ab_CD</i>, where <i>ab</i> is your two letter language code |
82 |
the form <i>ab_CD</i>, where <i>ab</i> is your two letter language code |
| 82 |
and <i>CD</i> is your two letter country code. the <i>_CD</i> |
83 |
and <i>CD</i> is your two letter country code. the <i>_CD</i> is left |
| 83 |
is left off if your language is only (or primarily) spoken in |
84 |
off if your language is only (or primarily) spoken in one country. |
| 84 |
one country. <i>LANG</i> can be set in |
85 |
<i>LANG</i> can be set in <path>/etc/profile</path> if you want it to |
| 85 |
<path>/etc/profile</path> if you want it to take effect |
86 |
take effect system-wide, or in <path>~/.bashrc</path> as a user-specific |
| 86 |
system-wide, or in <path>~/.bashrc</path> as a user-specific |
87 |
setting.</p> |
| 87 |
setting. |
88 |
|
| 88 |
<pre caption="setting the POSIX locale"> |
89 |
<pre caption="setting the POSIX locale"> |
| 89 |
export LANG="de_DE@euro" |
90 |
export LANG="de_DE@euro" |
| 90 |
</pre> |
91 |
</pre> |
| 91 |
<note>Appended <i>@euro</i> to your locale if you want to use the new Euro |
92 |
|
| 92 |
currency symbol (€)</note> |
93 |
<note>Appended <i>@euro</i> to your locale if you want to use the new |
| 93 |
</p> |
94 |
Euro currency symbol (€)</note> |
| 94 |
</body> |
95 |
|
| 95 |
</section> |
96 |
</body> |
| 96 |
</chapter> |
97 |
</section> |
| 97 |
|
98 |
</chapter> |
| 98 |
<chapter> |
99 |
|
| 99 |
<title>Keyboard layout for the console</title> |
100 |
<chapter> |
| 100 |
<section> |
101 |
<title>Keyboard layout for the console</title> |
| 101 |
<body> |
102 |
<section> |
| 102 |
<p> |
103 |
<body> |
| 103 |
The keyboard layoud used by the console is set in |
104 |
|
| 104 |
<path>/etc/rc.conf</path> by the <i>KEYMAP</i> variable. |
105 |
<p>The keyboard layoud used by the console is set in |
| 105 |
Valid values can be found in |
106 |
<path>/etc/rc.conf</path> by the <i>KEYMAP</i> variable. Valid values |
| 106 |
<path>/usr/share/keymaps/<i>{arch}</i>/</path>. |
107 |
can be found in <path>/usr/share/keymaps/<i>{arch}</i>/</path>. |
| 107 |
<path>i386</path> has further subdivisions into layout |
108 |
<path>i386</path> has further subdivisions into layout |
| 108 |
(<path>qwerty/</path>, <path>azerty/</path>, etc.). Some |
109 |
(<path>qwerty/</path>, <path>azerty/</path>, etc.). Some languages have |
| 109 |
languages have multiple options, so you may wish to experiment |
110 |
multiple options, so you may wish to experiment to decide which one fits |
| 110 |
to decide which one fits your needs best. |
111 |
your needs best.</p> |
| 111 |
<pre caption="setting the console keymap"> |
112 |
|
| 112 |
KEYMAP="de" |
113 |
<pre caption="setting the console keymap"> |
| 113 |
KEYMAP="de-latin1" |
114 |
KEYMAP="de" |
| 114 |
KEYMAP="de-latin1-nodeadkeys" |
115 |
KEYMAP="de-latin1" |
| 115 |
</pre> |
116 |
KEYMAP="de-latin1-nodeadkeys" |
| 116 |
</p> |
117 |
</pre> |
| 117 |
</body> |
118 |
|
| 118 |
</section> |
119 |
</body> |
| 119 |
</chapter> |
120 |
</section> |
| 120 |
|
121 |
</chapter> |
| 121 |
<chapter> |
122 |
|
| 122 |
<title>Keyboard layout for the X server</title> |
123 |
<chapter> |
| 123 |
<section> |
124 |
<title>Keyboard layout for the X server</title> |
| 124 |
<body> |
125 |
<section> |
| 125 |
<p>The keyboard layout to be used by the X server is specified |
126 |
<body> |
| 126 |
in <path>/etc/X11/XF86Config</path> by the <i>XkbLayout</i> |
127 |
|
| 127 |
option. |
128 |
<p>The keyboard layout to be used by the X server is specified in |
| 128 |
<pre caption="setting the X keymap"> |
129 |
<path>/etc/X11/XF86Config</path> by the <i>XkbLayout</i> option.</p> |
|
|
130 |
|
| 131 |
<pre caption="setting the X keymap"> |
| 129 |
Section "InputDevice" |
132 |
Section "InputDevice" |
| 130 |
Identifier "Keyboard1" |
133 |
Identifier "Keyboard1" |
| 131 |
... |
134 |
... |
| 132 |
Option "XkbLayout" "de" |
135 |
Option "XkbLayout" "de" |
| 133 |
# Option XkbVariant" "nodeadkeys" |
136 |
# Option XkbVariant" "nodeadkeys" |
| 134 |
... |
137 |
... |
| 135 |
</pre> |
138 |
</pre> |
| 136 |
</p> |
|
|
| 137 |
</body> |
| 138 |
</section> |
| 139 |
</chapter> |
| 140 |
|
| 141 |
<chapter> |
| 142 |
<title>KDE</title> |
| 143 |
<section> |
| 144 |
<body> |
| 145 |
|
139 |
|
| 146 |
<p>For KDE you have to install the kde-i18n package with the appropriate |
140 |
</body> |
| 147 |
LINGUAS environment variable set:</p> |
141 |
</section> |
|
|
142 |
</chapter> |
| 148 |
|
143 |
|
| 149 |
<pre caption="Install localized KDE"> |
144 |
<chapter> |
| 150 |
# <i>LINGUAS="de" emerge kde-i18n</i> |
145 |
<title>KDE</title> |
| 151 |
</pre> |
146 |
<section> |
|
|
147 |
<body> |
| 152 |
|
148 |
|
| 153 |
</body> |
149 |
<p>For KDE you have to install the kde-i18n package with the appropriate |
| 154 |
</section> |
150 |
LINGUAS environment variable set:</p> |
| 155 |
</chapter> |
|
|
| 156 |
|
| 157 |
<chapter> |
| 158 |
<title>The Euro Symbol for the Console</title> |
| 159 |
<section> |
| 160 |
<body> |
| 161 |
<p> |
| 162 |
In order to get your console to display the Euro symbol, you |
| 163 |
will need to set <i>CONSOLEFONT</i> in |
| 164 |
<path>/etc/rc.conf</path> to a file found in |
| 165 |
<path>/usr/share/consolefonts/</path> (without the |
| 166 |
<c>.psfu.gz</c>). <c>lat9w-16</c> has the Euro symbol. |
| 167 |
<pre caption="setting the console font"> |
| 168 |
CONSOLEFONT="lat9w-16" |
| 169 |
</pre> |
| 170 |
</p> |
| 171 |
</body> |
| 172 |
</section> |
| 173 |
</chapter> |
| 174 |
|
| 175 |
<chapter> |
| 176 |
<title>The Euro Symbol in X</title> |
| 177 |
<section> |
| 178 |
<title>Most Applications</title> |
| 179 |
<body> |
| 180 |
<p>Getting the Euro symbol to work properly in X is a little |
| 181 |
bit tougher. The first thing you should do is change the <i> |
| 182 |
fixed</i> and <i>variable</i> definitions in |
| 183 |
<path>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/fonts.alias</path> to end |
| 184 |
in <i>iso8859-15</i> instead of <i>iso8859-1</i>. |
| 185 |
<pre caption="setting default X fonts"> |
| 186 |
fixed -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-15 |
| 187 |
variable -*-helvetica-bold-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-15 |
| 188 |
</pre> |
| 189 |
</p> |
| 190 |
<p>Some applications use their own font, and you will have to |
| 191 |
tell them separately to use a font with the Euro symbol. You |
| 192 |
can do this at a user-specific level in |
| 193 |
<path>.Xdefaults</path> (you can copy this file to |
| 194 |
<path>/etc/skel/</path> for use by new users), or at a global |
| 195 |
level for any application with a resource file in |
| 196 |
<path>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/app-defaults/</path> (like xterm). In |
| 197 |
these files you generally have to change an existing line, |
| 198 |
rather than adding a new one. To change our xterm font, for |
| 199 |
instance: |
| 200 |
<pre caption="setting fonts for xterm"> |
| 201 |
<codenote>(in your home directory)</codenote> |
| 202 |
$ <i>echo 'XTerm*font: fixed' >> .Xresources </i> |
| 203 |
$ <i>xrdb -merge .Xresources</i> |
| 204 |
</pre> |
| 205 |
</p> |
| 206 |
</body> |
| 207 |
</section> |
| 208 |
|
| 209 |
<section> |
| 210 |
<title>The Euro symbol in (X)Emacs</title> |
| 211 |
<body> |
| 212 |
<p>To use the Euro symbol in (X)Emacs, add the following to |
| 213 |
<path>.Xdefaults</path>: |
| 214 |
<pre caption="setting the font for emacs"> |
| 215 |
Emacs.default.attributeFont: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-15 |
| 216 |
</pre> |
| 217 |
</p><p>For XEmacs (not plain Emacs), you have to do a little |
| 218 |
more. In <path>/home/user/.xemacs/init.el</path>, add: |
| 219 |
<pre caption="setting the font for xemacs"> |
| 220 |
(define-key global-map '(EuroSign) '[€]) |
| 221 |
</pre> |
| 222 |
<note>The symbol in the []s is the Euro symbol.</note> |
| 223 |
</p> |
| 224 |
</body> |
| 225 |
</section> |
| 226 |
|
151 |
|
| 227 |
</chapter> |
152 |
<pre caption="Install localized KDE"> |
|
|
153 |
# <i>LINGUAS="de" emerge kde-i18n</i> |
| 154 |
</pre> |
| 228 |
|
155 |
|
|
|
156 |
</body> |
| 157 |
</section> |
| 158 |
</chapter> |
| 159 |
|
| 160 |
<chapter> |
| 161 |
<title>The Euro Symbol for the Console</title> |
| 162 |
<section> |
| 163 |
<body> |
| 164 |
|
| 165 |
<p>In order to get your console to display the Euro symbol, you will |
| 166 |
need to set <i>CONSOLEFONT</i> in <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> to a file |
| 167 |
found in <path>/usr/share/consolefonts/</path> (without the |
| 168 |
<c>.psfu.gz</c>). <c>lat9w-16</c> has the Euro symbol.</p> |
| 169 |
|
| 170 |
<pre caption="setting the console font"> |
| 171 |
CONSOLEFONT="lat9w-16" |
| 172 |
</pre> |
| 173 |
|
| 174 |
</body> |
| 175 |
</section> |
| 176 |
</chapter> |
| 177 |
|
| 178 |
<chapter> |
| 179 |
<title>The Euro Symbol in X</title> |
| 180 |
<section> |
| 181 |
<title>Most Applications</title> |
| 182 |
<body> |
| 183 |
|
| 184 |
<p>Getting the Euro symbol to work properly in X is a little bit |
| 185 |
tougher. The first thing you should do is change the <i> fixed</i> and |
| 186 |
<i>variable</i> definitions in |
| 187 |
<path>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/fonts.alias</path> to end in |
| 188 |
<i>iso8859-15</i> instead of <i>iso8859-1</i>.</p> |
| 189 |
|
| 190 |
<pre caption="setting default X fonts"> |
| 191 |
fixed -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-15 |
| 192 |
variable -*-helvetica-bold-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-15 |
| 193 |
</pre> |
| 194 |
|
| 195 |
<p>Some applications use their own font, and you will have to tell them |
| 196 |
separately to use a font with the Euro symbol. You can do this at a |
| 197 |
user-specific level in <path>.Xdefaults</path> (you can copy this file |
| 198 |
to <path>/etc/skel/</path> for use by new users), or at a global level |
| 199 |
for any application with a resource file in |
| 200 |
<path>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/app-defaults/</path> (like xterm). In these |
| 201 |
files you generally have to change an existing line, rather than adding |
| 202 |
a new one. To change our xterm font, for instance:</p> |
| 203 |
|
| 204 |
<pre caption="setting fonts for xterm"> |
| 205 |
<codenote>(in your home directory)</codenote> |
| 206 |
$ <i>echo 'XTerm*font: fixed' >> .Xresources </i> |
| 207 |
$ <i>xrdb -merge .Xresources</i> |
| 208 |
</pre> |
| 209 |
|
| 210 |
</body> |
| 211 |
</section> |
| 212 |
|
| 213 |
<section> |
| 214 |
<title>The Euro symbol in (X)Emacs</title> |
| 215 |
<body> |
| 216 |
|
| 217 |
<p>To use the Euro symbol in (X)Emacs, add the following to |
| 218 |
<path>.Xdefaults</path>:</p> |
| 219 |
|
| 220 |
<pre caption="setting the font for emacs"> |
| 221 |
Emacs.default.attributeFont: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-15 |
| 222 |
</pre> |
| 223 |
|
| 224 |
<p>For XEmacs (not plain Emacs), you have to do a little more. In |
| 225 |
<path>/home/user/.xemacs/init.el</path>, add:</p> |
| 226 |
|
| 227 |
<pre caption="setting the font for xemacs"> |
| 228 |
(define-key global-map '(EuroSign) '[€]) |
| 229 |
</pre> |
| 230 |
|
| 231 |
<note>The symbol in the []s is the Euro symbol.</note> |
| 232 |
</body> |
| 233 |
</section> |
| 234 |
</chapter> |
| 229 |
</guide> |
235 |
</guide> |
