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Gentoo's Bugzilla – Attachment 10458 Details for
Bug 19076
traditional chinese translation for gentoo-x86-install.xml
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Traditional Chinese Big5
gentoo-x86-install-zh.xml (text/xml), 73.18 KB, created by
Benny Chuang (RETIRED)
on 2003-04-10 05:49:00 UTC
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Description:
Traditional Chinese Big5
Filename:
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Creator:
Benny Chuang (RETIRED)
Created:
2003-04-10 05:49:00 UTC
Size:
73.18 KB
patch
obsolete
><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> ><!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> ><guide link="/doc/en/gentoo-x86-install.xml"> > <title>Gentoo Linux æ件 -- Gentoo Linux 1.4_rc3 å®è£æ¥é©</title> > <author title="Chief Architect"> > <mail link="drobbins@gentoo.org">Daniel Robbins</mail> > </author> > <author title="Author">Chris Houser</author> > <author title="Author"> > <mail link="">Jerry Alexandratos</mail> > </author> > <author title="Ghost"> > <mail link="g2boojum@gentoo.org">Grant Goodyear</mail> > </author> > <author title="Editor"> > <mail link="zhen@gentoo.org">John P. Davis</mail> > </author> > <author title="Editor"> > <mail link="Pierre-Henri.Jondot@wanadoo.fr">Pierre-Henri Jondot</mail> > </author> > <author title="Editor"> > <mail link="stocke2@gentoo.org">Eric Stockbridge</mail> > </author> > <author title="Editor"> > <mail link="rajiv@gentoo.org">Rajiv Manglani</mail> > </author> > <author title="Editor"> > <mail link="seo@gentoo.org">Jungmin Seo</mail> > </author> > <author title="Editor"> > <mail link="zhware@gentoo.org">Stoyan Zhekov</mail> > </author> > <author title="Editor"> > <mail link="jhhudso@gentoo.org">Jared Hudson</mail> > </author> > <author title="Editor"> > <mail link="">Colin Morey</mail> > </author> > <author title="Editor"> > <mail link="peesh@gentoo.org">Jorge Paulo</mail> > </author> > <author title="è¯è "> > <mail link="benny@gentoo.idv.tw">Benny Chuang</mail> > </author> > <abstract>以ä¸çæ令å°å¸¶ä½ ä¸æ¥ä¸æ¥å®è£ Gentoo Linux 1.4_rc3. Gentoo Linux å®è£æ¨¡å¼æ¯æ´ä¾å人å好çå種çå®è£ç®æ¨. > å¾èªå·±æåç·¨è¯çå°ä»¥ç·¨è¯å¥½ç. > </abstract> ><version>2.6</version> > <date>20 March 2003</date> > <chapter> > <title>éæ¼å®è£</title> > <section> > <body> > <p>Tå¦æä½ ç BIOS åå ç¢æ©é½æ¯æ´éæ©. å¹¾ä¹æ¯ä¸å° IDE å ç¢æ©é½å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨æ¤å ç¢éæ©, ä¹å æ¬äºè¨±å¤ SCSI å ç¢æ©. >æ¤å ç¢ä¸å æ¯æ´ Linux IDE (å PCI IDE) (æ ¸å¿å §å»º), ä¹æ¯æ´ææç SCSI è£ç½® (模çµåæ ). >å æ¤, æåæä¾å¹¾ä¹æ¯ç¨® Linux æ¯æ´ç網路å¡, ä¹éä¸å·¥å ·æ¹ä¾¿ä½ è¨å®ç¶²è·¯ååå¤ (å æ¬åå §) ç <c>ssh</c> >é£ç·ä¸è¼æªæ¡.</p> > <p>使ç¨å®è£å ç¢, ä½ å¿ é è¦æ 486 以ä¸çèçå¨(CPU)åæå°64 Megabytes è¨æ¶é«. (Gentoo å·²ç¶æåå ¬å°å¨ >64MB è¨æ¶é« å ä¸ 64MB ç Swap 空é, ä½æ¯å»ºç«éç¨æ¯ç¸ç¶æ ¢ç.)</p> > <p>Gè£ Gentoo Linux å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ä»»ä½ä¸å "Stage" å£ç¸®æªæ¡(Tarball). ä½ é¸æçstageå°æä¾ç §ä»çæ©å¶é²è¡ç·¨è¯. >å¦æä½ æ³è¦å¾ bootstrap éå§, è«ä½¿ç¨ Stage1 çå£ç¸®æªæ¡. Stage2 çå£ç¸®æªæ¡å°ææå·²ç¶ç·¨è¯å¥½ç >bootstrap è¼å ¥ç³»çµ±,æ¹ä¾¿ä½ éå§ç·¨è¯ç³»çµ±. Stage3 çå£ç¸®æªæ¡å æ¬æ´ååºæ¬ç Gentoo Linux 系統.</p> > <p><b>ä½ æé¸æåªä¸å.. Stage1, Stage2 éæ¯ Stage3å¢?</b>å¦æä½ æ³è¦å®å ¨ææ§ç³»çµ±è¨å®, ä½¿ç¨ Stage1 å°ææ¯ä¸å給é²é使ç¨çé¸æ. >Stage2 æè·³é bootstrap ç·¨è¯, åªè¦ä½ é«è, ä½ ä¹å¯ä»¥æ´æ¹æåå·²æºå好çè¨å®. é¸æ Stage3 æ¯å®è£ Gentoo Linux æå¿«çæ¹å¼, ä½æ¯ >ä»ä¹ä»£è¡¨è, 系統çåºç¤æ¯ä½¿ç¨æ¼ Gentoo é è¨. å¦å¤, æ¯å Gentoo Linux ççæ¬é½ææä¸åç¹å¥éå°åæ¡è¿çèçå¨(CPU)çæªæ¡. ><b>å¦æéæ¯ä½ 第ä¸æ¬¡å®è£ Gentoo Linux, è«èæ ®ä½¿ç¨ Stage3 çå£ç¸®æªæ¡</b></p> > > > <p>æ¥ä¸ä¾è©²æ麼éå§å®è£å¢? å° ><uri>http://www.ibiblio.org/gentoo/releases/1.4_rc3/x86/</uri> é¸ææ³è¦å®è£ççæ¬. ></p> > <p>å®è£å ç¢çæ åæªæ¯ç¨æ¼å¤§é¨åççéæ©(CDRæCDRW). ç®åæåæå ©ç¨®å®è£å ç¢. >第ä¸ç¨®å å«è "gentoo-basic" (åºæ¬å), æªæ¡å¤§å°å¤§ç´æ¯40MB. æ¤å ç¢åªæå å«è Stage1çå£ç¸®æª. 並ä¸æ¾å¨ ><path>x86/livecd/</path> çç®éä¸. æ¤å ç¢çºåºæ¬å(minimal) 使ç¨æ¤å ç¢éæ©å¾å¯ä»¥å° <path>/mntcdrom/gentoo/</path>.</p> > <p>åç®åæä¾ç第äºç¨®å ç¢çº "gentoo-3stages." æ¤CDå¯ä»¥å¨ <path>x86/livecd</path>çç®éä¸æ¾å°. å®å å«äº >Stage 1, 2 å 3 çå£ç¸®æªæ¡. 使ç¨æ¤å ç¢æè®ä½ å®è£æ´å®å ¨,åç¯çæ´å¤çæé.</p> ><p><b>éæ¼ i686, pentium3, athlon, athlon-mp ç Stageså¢? å ç¢åGRP(Gentoo Reference Platform)?</b> >Gentoo 1.4_rc3 åªæ¯ä¸åå°çç¼è¡¨çæ¬. 1.4_rc4 å°æå å«èææçå¸¸ç¨ x86 çµæ§å GRP. >å¦æä½ æ³è¦èªè¡è¨å®, è«ä½¿ç¨ 1.4_rc2 æ件. 網åçº: <uri>http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/gentoo-x86-1.4_rc2-install.xml</uri> ></p> > <impo>Iä½ å¨å®è£æ碰å°ä»»ä½åé¡, 並ä¸æ³è¦ç³å ±æ¤é¯èª¤(bug) è«å°<uri>http://bugs.gentoo.org</uri>. >å¦ææ¤é¯èª¤ä¾èªä½è (ä¾: KDE å·¥ä½çµ) <e>Gentoo Linux ç¼å±äººå¡</e>å°æçºä½ æçæ¤åé¡. ></impo> > <p>ç¾å¨è®æåä¾è¤ç¿ä¸ä¸å®è£æ¥é©. é¦å , æåéè¦ä¸è¼, çéå ç¢(LiveCD). 並ä¸ä½¿ç¨å®éæ©. éæ©å¾, å°æå° root ç°å¢, >æåå°è¦å»ºç«åå²å(Partition), 建ç«æªæ¡ç³»çµ± (Filesystems), å解é Stage1, Stage2 ææ¯ Stage3 çå£ç¸®æªæ¡. >å¦ææåä½¿ç¨ Stage1 ææ¯ Stage2 å£ç¸®æªæ¡, æåå°è¦å°å¿ç¿¼ç¿¼å°å®ææ¯åæ¥é©. 並ä¸ä½¿ç³»çµ±éå° Stage 3. ç¶æåç系統å°é Stage 3æ, >æåå¯ä»¥è¨å®(ä¾å人å好 è¨å®, å®è£éæ©ç¨å¼ çç) ç¶å¾åéæ°ååçºä¸åå®æ´ç Gentoo Linux 系統. >æ¯å Stage å°éè¦å®æ以ä¸å表çç¨åº (çä½ æ³å¾åªè£¡éå§)</p> > <table> > <tr> > <th>stage å£ç¸®æªæ¡(tarball)</th> > <th>å·¥ä½å表</th> > </tr> > <tr> > <ti>1</ti> > <ti>åå²å/è¨å®æªæ¡ç³»çµ±, emerge sync(æ´æ°Portage), bootstrap(åºç¤ç³»çµ±), emerge system(系統ç¨å¼), emerge kernel sources(æ ¸å¿), æå¾è¨å®</ti> > </tr> > <tr> > <ti>2</ti> > <ti>åå²å/è¨å®æªæ¡ç³»çµ±, emerge sync(æ´æ°Portage), emerge system(系統ç¨å¼), emerge kernel sources(æ ¸å¿), æå¾è¨å®</ti> > </tr> > <tr> > <ti>3</ti> > <ti>åå²å/è¨å®æªæ¡ç³»çµ±, emerge sync(æ´æ°Portage), æå¾è¨å®</ti> > </tr> > </table> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>éæ©</title> > <section> > <body> > <p>使ç¨å ç¢(LiveCD)éæ©æ, ä½ æ該æçå°ä¸åå¾æ¼äº®ç Gentoo Logo åæ¨ > å¨æ¤, æä¸ Enter éµéå§é²å ¥éæ©é段. ä½ ä¹å¯ä»¥è¼¸å ¥èªè¨çé¸é å¦:<c>gentoo opt1 opt2</c> >ç¶å¾åæEnteréµ.è¥è¦æ¥çéæ©é¸é , è«æ F2.</p> >ç¶ä½ æäº Enter éµå¾, ä½ å°æçå°æ¨æºæ ¸å¿(Kernel)ç輸åºå表, Kernel å initrd çè¨æ¯. æ¥èæ¯æ£å¸¸ç Linux éæ©æ©å¶. >ä½ å°æèªåçç»å ¥çº "<c>root</c>" åé¨æ©çå¯ç¢¼åºç¾å¨è¢å¹ä¸(å®å ¨èé). >ç»å ¥å¾,ä½ æ該æçè¦ ("<c>#</c>"). å¦æè¦æ´æå¯ç¢¼, è¼¸å ¥ passwd åä¾ç §éå¹ä¸çæ令é²è¡å³å¯. >ä½ ä¹å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ Alt-F2, Alt-F3 å Alt-F4 åææå ¶ä»æä½ä»é¢(console). > </p> > <p>ä½ æ¯å¦æçè¦ <c>#</c> ä¸æ¹æä¸å 說æå¢? é£å說æå°ææä½ å¦ä½è¨å® Linux 網路 ååè¨´ä½ Gentoo Linux ç >Stage å£ç¸®æªä½ç½®. > </p> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>è¼å ¥æ ¸å¿æ¨¡çµ</title> > <section> > <body> > <p>ç¶PCIèªååµæ¸¬æ²ææ¾å°ä½ ç硬é«, ä½ å¿ é è¦æåçè¼å ¥æ ¸å¿æ¨¡çµ. å¦ææ¥çå¯ç¨ç模çµ, >è¼¸å ¥ <c> ls /lib/modules/*/kernel/drivers/net/*</c>. å¦æè¦è¼å ¥ç¹å®ç模çµ, >è¼¸å ¥: > </p> ><pre caption="PCI 模çµè¨å®"> ># <c>modprobe pcnet32</c> ><comment>((å° pcnet32 ææä½ ç網路å¡é©ç¨ç模çµ)</comment> ></pre> > <p>å¦æä½ æ SCSI 硬é«æ²è¢«åµæ¸¬å°, ä½ å°éè¦å¾ /lib/modules è¼å ¥æ£ç¢ºç模çµ. ä½ å¯ä»¥è¼¸å ¥ <c>modprobe</c>: > </p> ><pre caption="è¼å ¥ SCSI 模çµ"> ># <c>modprobe aic7xxx</c> ><comment>(å° aic7xxx ææä½ ç SCSI 使ç¨ç模çµ)</comment> ># <c>modprobe sd_mod</c> ><comment>(ä½ å°éè¦ sd_mod ç模çµä½¿ç¨ SCSI disk)</comment> ></pre> > <note> > CSI å ç¢æ©å硬ç¢æ¯æ´å·²ç¶å §å»ºå¨æ ¸å¿è£¡äº. > </note> > <p>å¦æä½ ä½¿ç¨çæ¯ å®¹é¯å¼ç¨ç«ç£ç¢é£å(RAID), ä½ å°éè¦çºä½ çRAIDæ§å¶å¡è¼å ¥ ATA-RAID 模çµ. > </p> ><pre caption=" è¼å ¥ RAID 模çµ"> ># <c>modprobe ataraid</c> ># <c>modprobe pdcraid</c> ><comment>(Promise Raid æ§å¶)</comment> ># <c>modprobe hptraid</c> ><comment>(Highpoint Raid æ§å¶)</comment> ></pre> > <p>TGentoo å ç¢æ該æåç¨ä½ çç¡¬ç¢ DMC. å¦ææ²æ, ä½ å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ <c>hdparm</c> ä¾è¨å®ç¡¬ç¢çDMN.</p> ><pre caption="è¨å® DMA"> ><comment>æ´æ hdX çºä½ ç硬ç¢è£ç½®.</comment> ># hdparm -d 1 /dev/hdX <comment>åç¨ DMA </comment> ># hdparm -d1 -A1 -m16 -u1 -a64 /dev/hdX ><comment>(使ç¨å®å ¨åææççæ¹å¼åç¨ DMA)</comment> ># hdparm -X66 /dev/hdX ><comment>(å¼·å¶åç¨ Ultra-DMA -- å±éª -- æå¯è½æäºä½ ç硬ç¢)</comment> ></pre> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> ><!-- THIS SECTION SHOULD BE DEPRECATED WITH HOTPLUG ENABLED IN 1.4_rc3 (drobbins) > <chapter> > <title>Loading PCMCIA Kernel Modules</title> > <section> > <body> > <p>If you have a PCMCIA network card, you will need to perform a few extra steps. > </p> > <warn>To avoid problems with <c>cardmgr</c>, you <e>must</e> run it <e>before</e> you enter the chroot > portion of the install. </warn> ><pre caption="Loading PCMCIA Modules"> ># <i>modprobe pcmcia_core</i> ># <i>modprobe i82365</i> ># <i>modprobe ds</i> ># <i>cardmgr -f</i> ></pre> > <p>As <c>cardmgr</c> detects which hardware is present, your speaker should emit a > few reassuring beeps, and your PCMCIA network card should be active. You can > of course insert the PCMCIA card after loading <c>cardmgr</c> too, if that is > preferable. (Technically, you need not run > <c>cardmgr</c> if you know exactly which module your PCMCIA card requires. > But if you don't, loading all PCMCIA modules and see which sticks won't work, > as all PCMCIA modules load obligingly and hang around for a PCMCIA card to > drop by. <c>cardmgr</c> will also unload the module(s) for any card when you > remove it). </p> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> >--> > <chapter> > <title>è¨å®ç¶²è·¯</title> > <section> > <title>æ許系統已ç¶èªåè¨å®å¥½äº?</title> > <body> > <p>å¦æä½ ä½¿ç¨çå ç¢æ¯ 1.4_rc3 ææ´æ°ççæ¬, ä½ å網路è¨å®æ該æåéæ©æèªåè¨å®. ä½ å°å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ä¸äºå ç¢ä¸çåè½ ä¾å¦: ><c>ssh</c>, <c>scp</c>, <c>ping</c>, <c>irssi</c>,<c>wget</c>, <c>lynx</c> çç...</p> > > <p>å¦æ網路已ç¶è¨å®å¥½äº, ä½ å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ <c">/sbin/ifconfig</c>, æ¥çä¸äºé¤äº <c>lo</c> ç網路è£ç½®, ä¾å¦ <c>eth0</c>: > </p> ><pre caption="/sbin/ifconfig æ¥çå®è£æåç網路å¡"> >eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:BA:8F:61:7A > inet addr:192.168.0.2 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 > inet6 addr: fe80::50:ba8f:617a/10 Scope:Link > UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 > RX packets:1498792 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 > TX packets:1284980 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 > collisions:1984 txqueuelen:100 > RX bytes:485691215 (463.1 Mb) TX bytes:123951388 (118.2 Mb) > Interrupt:11 ></pre> > <p>Yæè¨±ä½ ææ³è¦è©¦è©¦ç網路æ¯å¦è¨å®å®æ. ä½ å¯ä»¥è©¦è©¦ç PING ç¶²è·¯å ¬å¸ç DNS ä¸»æ© (å¯ä»¥å¨ <path>/etc/resolv.conf</path>), >æèæ¯å ¶ä»ç¶²ç«, åªè¦è½ç¢ºå®ä½ ç網路è¨å®ç¡èª¤å°±å¯ä»¥å¦. > </p> ><pre caption="測試網路é£ç·"> ># <c>ping -c 3 www.yahoo.com </c> ></pre> > <p>ä½ ç網路è¨å®æ¯å¦æ£å¸¸å¢? å¦ææ¯, è«è·³é以ä¸é¨å.</p> > </body> > </section> > <section> > <title> PPPoE è¨å®</title> > <body> > <p>å¦æä½ æ¯ä½¿ç¨ PPPoE é£ä¸ç¶²è·¯, ä»»ä½ Gentoo éæ©å ç¢å·²å å«èæ¤åè½: <c>rp-pppoe</c>. >è«ä½¿ç¨ <c>adsl-setup</c> ç¨åºå¹«ä½ ä½ è¨å®é£ç·. ä½ æ被è¦æ±å°ä½ ç網路å¡é£ä¸ adsl æ¸ææ©, >åä½ ç帳è,å¯ç¢¼, DNS 伺æå¨ IP, åéä¸éè¦ä¸åç°¡å®çé²ç«ç.</p> ><pre caption="PPPoE è¨å®E"> ># <c> adsl-setup </c> ># <c> adsl-start </c> ></pre> > <p>Iå¦æç¼çé¯èª¤, è«å¨ <path>/etc/ppp/pap-secrets</path> 確èªä½ ç帳èåå¯ç¢¼. ææ¯ > <path>/etc/ppp/chap-secrets</path>, 確èªä½ 使ç¨ç網å¡æ¯å¦æ£ç¢º. </p> > </body> > </section> > <section> > <title> èªåè¨ç«ç¶²è·¯</title> > <body> > <p>å¦æ系統æ²æèªåè¨å®, æç°¡å®çæ¹æ³å°±æ¯ä½¿ç¨ <c>net-setup</c>.</p> ><pre caption="網路è¨å®ç¨å¼ipt"> ># <c>net-setup eth0</c> ></pre> > <p>ç¶ç¶, å¦æä½ é«è, ä½ ä¹å¯ä»¥èªè¡è¨å®ç¶²è·¯. ä¸é¢å°æä½ å¦ä½æåè¨å®.</p> > </body> > </section> > <section> > <title>æåè¨å®åæ å¼IP(DHCP)</title> > <body> > <p>è¨å®åæ IP(DHCP) å¾ç°¡å®; å¦æä½ çIPçºåºå®å¼,è«è·³é以ä¸ç§»è´åºå®IPè¨å®. </p> ><pre caption=" DHCP 網路è¨å®"> ># <c>dhcpcd eth0</c> ></pre> > <note>å¦æä½ çç¶²è·¯å ¬å¸æä¾ä¸»æ©å稱(hostname), ä½ å¯ä»¥å¨eth0 <c>åé¢å å ¥ -h 主æ©å稱</c>. > </note> > <p>Iå¦æä½ å¾ <i>dhcpConfig</i> æ¶å°è¦å, å¥ç·å¼µ; è«å¾ä¸ç§»ç½®ç¶²è·¯æ¸¬è©¦çé¨å</p> > </body> > </section> > <section> > <title>èªè¡è¨å®åºå®å¼IP</title> > <body> > <p>æååªéè¦è¨å®ç°¡å®ç網路 æ¹ä¾¿æåä¸è¼åå§ç¢¼é²è¡ç·¨è¯. è¼¸å ¥ä»¥ä¸æ令 並ä¸å° $IFACE ææä½ ç網路å¡è£ç½® (大é¨åçº <c>eth0</c>) >$IPNUM çºä½ çIPä½ç½®, $BCAST çºä½ å廣æä½ç½®, æå¾, $NMASK çºç¶²è·¯é®ç½©. éæ¼ <c>route</c>, æ´æ¹ $GTWAY çºä½ çéè¨é. > </p> ><pre caption="åºå®å¼IPè¨å®"> ># <c>ifconfig $IFACE $IPNUM broadcast $BCAST netmask $NMASK</c> ># <c>/sbin/route add -net default gw $GTWAY netmask 0.0.0.0 metric 1</c> ></pre> > <p>ç¾å¨æåéè¦å»ºç«ä¸å <path>/etc/resolv.conf</path> >æªæ¡, 幫è®æåå°æ¾ç¶²è·¯å稱(å©ç¨ååå°æ¾ Web/FTP ç«å, å代IPå°å)</p> > <p>ä¸é¢æ¯ä¸åç°¡å®ç /etc/resolv.conf æªæ¡ç¯ä¾: </p> > <p>Here is a template to follow for creating your /etc/resolv.conf file: </p> ><pre caption="/etc/resolv.conf ç¯ä¾"> >domain mydomain.com >nameserver 10.0.0.1 >nameserver 10.0.0.2 ></pre> > <p>å° <c>10.0.0.1</c> å <c>10.0.0.2</c> å代çºä½ ç主DNS å éDNS伺æå¨çIP.</p> > </body> > </section> > <section> > <title>代ç伺æå¨(PROXY) è¨å®</title> > <body> > <p>æä½ å¿ é 使ç¨ä»£ç伺æå¨. æåå¿ é å¨éå§ä¸è¼åå å¯åºä¸äºè®æ¸. > </p> ><pre caption="è¨å®ä½¿ç¨ä»£ç伺æå¨"> ># <c>export http_proxy="machine.company.com:1234" </c> ># <c>export ftp_proxy="$http_proxy" </c> ># <c>export RSYNC_PROXY="$http_proxy" </c> ></pre> > </body> > </section> > <section> > <title>網路å¯ä»¥é£äº!?</title> > <body> > <p>ä½ å°éééæ, 網路æ該已ç¶è¨å®å¥½ä¸¦ä¸å¯ä»¥ç¨äº. ä½ æ該å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ > <c>ssh</c>, <c>scp</c>, <c">lynx</c>, <c>irssi</c> å <c>wget</c> é£ç·å°ç¶²è·¯ä¸</p> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>è¨å®ç³»çµ±æ¥æåæé</title> > <section> > <body> > <p>æ¥ä¸ä¾æåå¿ é è¨å®ç³»çµ±åæ¥æ. æåå°æ使ç¨<c>date</c>.</p> ><pre caption="è¨å®ç³»çµ±æ¥æ"> ># <c>date</c> >Thu Feb 27 09:04:42 CST 2003 ><comment>(å¦æä½ ç系統æéé¯èª¤,è«è¼¸å ¥ä»¥ä¸æ令)</comment> ># <c>date 022709042003</c> ><comment>(date æ,æ¥,æ,å,西å å¹´)</comment> ></pre> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>æªæ¡ç³»çµ±, 硬ç¢åå²å block devices</title> > <section> > <title>ä»ç´¹ block devices</title> > <body> ><p> >å¨æ¤,æåå°ä»ç´°å°çç Gentoo Linux å å ¶ä» Linux çç£ç¢æ¦å¿µ. å æ¬äº, Linux æªæ¡ç³»çµ±, 硬ç¢åå² å Block devices. >ä¸æ¦ä½ çæäºç¡¬ç¢çåºå ¥, ä½ å°æè¢«å¸¶å ¥è¨å®åå²ååæªæ¡ç³»çµ±çé¨ä»½</p> ><p> >æå°ä»¥ä»ç´¹ "block devices" ä½çºéå§. ææåç大æ¦å°±æ¯Linux ä¸ä»£è¡¨ç第ä¸å IDE ç£ç¢ ></p> ><pre caption="/dev/hda, 代表è系統ä¸ç第ä¸å IDE ç£ç¢"> >/dev/hda ></pre> > ><p> >å¦æä½ ä½¿ç¨çæ¯ SCSI ç£ç¢, ä½ ç第ä¸åç£ç¢çºï¼ ></p> > ><pre caption="/dev/sda, 代表èä½ ç系統ä¸ç第ä¸å Logical SCSI ç£ç¢"> >/dev/sda ></pre> > ><p>以ä¸ç block devices 代表èç£ç¢æ©çä»é¢. é樣å¯ä»¥æ¹ä¾¿ç¨å¼ç°¡å®å¾è®å,åå¯«å ¥.</p> ></body> ></section> ><section> ><title>硬ç¢åå²å fdisk</title> ><body> ><p> Uå¨Linuxåºä¸,æåæç¨<c">mkfs</c> (ææ¯ <c>mke2fs</c>, éæ ><c>mkreiserfs</c> çç) 建ç«æªæ¡ç³»çµ±.</p> > ><p> ç¶ç¶, ä½ ä¹å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨æ´å硬ç¢ä¾ç¶ä¸ååå²å. ä¸ååå²å代表è <i>æ´å</i> 硬ç¢. >ä¾: <c>/dev/hda</span> ææ¯ <c">/dev/sda</c>. ä½æ¯å¾æªæ人é樣åé. >大é¨åç Linux é½æ¯å°åå²ååæå°å¡ä¸é». æè¨å®çåå²å æåå°±å«ä» "partitions" >ä½ å¯ä»¥å©ç¨ <c>fdisk</c> è¨å®æ¯å硬ç¢å §æå¹¾ååå²ååå¤§å° </p> > ><p> æåå¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ <c>fdisk</c>ä¾ç硬ç¢çåå²è¡¨. æ以æåéè¦æä¾ block device(硬ç¢) 給 fdisk. </p> > ><note>é¤äº fdisk <c">cfdisk</c>以å¤, ä½ ä¹å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ <c>parted</c> å <c>partimage</c>é²è¡åå²</note> > ><pre caption="ä½¿ç¨ fdisk"> ># fdisk /dev/hda ></pre> ><p> >or ></p> ><pre caption="ä½¿ç¨ fdisk å¨ /dev/sda"> ># fdisk /dev/sda ></pre> > ><impo> ><b>è«æ³¨æ: å¦æä½ ç硬ç¢ä¸æä»»ä½è³æ, ç¶ä½ å¯«å ¥ç¡¬ç¢åå²åæ, éäºè³æå°ææ¶å¤± ></b> ></impo> > ><p> >Once in fdisk, you'll be greeted with a prompt that looks like this: >ç¶ä½ é²å ¥ fdisk æ,ä½ å°æçå°ä»¥ä¸çç«é¢ ></p> > ><pre caption="fdisk ç«é¢"> >Command (m for help): ></pre> > > ><p> >è¼¸å ¥ <c>p</c> æ¥çåå²åå表 ></p> > ><pre caption="åå²åè¨å®ç¯ä¾"> >Command (m for help): p > >Disk /dev/hda: 240 heads, 63 sectors, 2184 cylinders >Units = cylinders of 15120 * 512 bytes > >Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System >/dev/hda1 1 14 105808+ 83 Linux >/dev/hda2 15 49 264600 82 Linux swap >/dev/hda3 50 70 158760 83 Linux >/dev/hda4 71 2184 15981840 5 Extended >/dev/hda5 71 209 1050808+ 83 Linux >/dev/hda6 210 348 1050808+ 83 Linux >/dev/hda7 349 626 2101648+ 83 Linux >/dev/hda8 627 904 2101648+ 83 Linux >/dev/hda9 905 2184 9676768+ 83 Linux > >Command (m for help): ></pre> > ><p> >é棵硬ç¢è¢«åå²çºä¸ååå²åï¼é¡¯ç¤ºçº "Linux") ä¹æä¸å Swap (é¡¯ç¤ºçº "Linux swap") ></p> > ><p> >æ¯ååå²åçå稱æåºç¾å¨å表çæå·¦é, å¾ <c>/dev/hda1 å° <c>/dev/hda9</c> >å¨æ©æçæ代, åå²è»é«æå¤åªè½åå²å°4å¡. 說實å¨ç,æé»éå¶. å æ¤, æ°çç fdisk >å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨<i>extension partitioning</i>. ä¸å延çºçåå²å(Extended partitioning)å¯ä»¥å»ºç«æ´å¤çåå²å. >æåå«ä» <i>logical</i>åå²å. å æ¤æ解決äº4ååå²åçéå¶. ></p> > ><p> ><c>hda5</c>ä¹åçåå²å, æå稱å®çº Primary (åºæ¬) åå²å. </p>èå¨å¾é¢çç¨±çº <c>logical</c>åå²å. ></p> >å¾ä»¥ä¸ç¯ä¾ä¾ç, <c>hda1</c> å° <c>hda3</c>çºåºæ¬åå²å. <c>hda4</c> çº <c>hda5</c> å° <c>hda9</a>çå®ç¾©. >æ以æåå¯ä»¥èªª<i>å¯ä»¥ä½çºæªæ¡ç³»çµ±çåå²å</i>åªæ <c>hda1</c> å° <c>hda3</c> å <c>hda5</c> å° <c>hda9</c> ></p> > ><p>å¦å¤, ä½ æ¯å¦ç¼ç¾äºå表ä¸æä¸å "ld"? ä»çææçº: "åå²å種é¡" >ç¶ä½ 建ç«äºä¸åæ°çåå²å, ä½ å¿ é è¦ç¢ºå®ä½ ç種é¡ç¤¾çº '83'. 83 代表èLinux çæªæ¡ç³»çµ±. >è '82' 代表è Linux swap åå². ä½ å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ <c>t</c> çé¸é .Linux æ ¸å¿(kernel) å° >æå¨éæ©æèªåç¼ç¾éäºåå²åå swap. ></p> ></body> ></section> ><section> ><title>ä½¿ç¨ fdisk è¨å®åå²å</title> ><body> > ><p>ä½ æ¯å¦å°Linux åå²åçè¨å®ææäºè§£äºå¢? ç¾å¨æå°ä¸æ¥ä¸æ¥å°å¸¶ä½ è¨å®åå²å. >ç¶æåå®æå¾, ä½ çåå²åæ該æçèµ·ä¾å以ä¸å表.</p> > ><pre caption="å®æåå²å¾,ä½ çåå²åå表æçèµ·ä¾åé樣"> >Disk /dev/hda: 30.0 GB, 30005821440 bytes >240 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3876 cylinders >Units = cylinders of 15120 * 512 = 7741440 bytes > > Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System >/dev/hda1 * 1 14 105808+ 83 Linux >/dev/hda2 15 81 506520 82 Linux swap >/dev/hda3 82 3876 28690200 83 Linux > >Command (m for help): ></pre> > ><p>æå建è°æ°æå°ç¡¬ç¢åå²æä¸é¨ä»½. 第ä¸å (<c>/dev/hda1</c>) å°æ被è¨å®çºåå²åä¸ç第ä¸å. >æåç¨å®ä¾ä½çºéæ©åå²å (Boot partition). éæ©åå²åçå°å²åææéæ©éè¦çæªæ¡. -- GRUB éæ©ç¨å¼ >çè³æ (å¦æä½ é¸æ使ç¨GRUB) å Linux æ ¸å¿. 使ç¨éæ©åå²åæ¯çºäºç¢ºä¿éæ©æªæ¡ä¸è¢«å½±é¿. å¨æ£å¸¸ççæ³ä¸, >éæ©åå²åå°é¨æ被æè¼. å¦æä½ ä½¿ç¨çæ¯ SCSI 系統, ä½ çéæ©åå²åå°æçèµ·ä¾å <c>/dev/sda1</c> ></p> > ><p>第äºååå²å (<c>/dev/sda3</c>) æ¯ç¨ä¾ç¶ swap åå²å. æ ¸å¿æå¨ RAM ä¸å¤ ç¨ææ swap ç¶æ >èæ§è¨æ¶é«(Virtual Memory). æ¤åå²éä¸å¿ 太大.. 大ç´512MBå³å¯. å¦æä½ ä½¿ç¨çæ¯ SCSI 系統, >ä½ çåå²åå°æçèµ·ä¾å <c>/dev/sda2</c> ></p> > ><p>第ä¸ååå²å (<c>/dev/hda3</c>) éè¦è »å¤§ç空é. æè¨±ä½ å¯ä»¥æå©ä¸ç空éå ¨é¨çµ¦å®. >éååå²åæåå°å«ä» "æ ¹(root)" åå²å. æåå°å¨æ¤æ¾å ¥ææç系統æªæ¡.å Gentoo Linux. >å¦æä½ ä½¿ç¨çæ¯ SCSI 系統, ä½ çåå²åå°æçèµ·ä¾å <c>/dev/sda3</c> ></p> > > ><p>æåéå§åå²å,以ä¸æ¯ä¸äºéæ¼åå²ååæªæ¡ç³»çµ±çæè¡æ§å»ºè° . ></p> > ><table> > <tr> > <th>åå²å</th> > <th>大å°</th> > <th>é¡å¥</th> > <th>ç¯ä¾è£ç½®</th> > </tr> > <tr> > <ti>éæ©åå²å, å å«èæ ¸å¿åç¸ééæ©æéç¨å¼</ti> > <ti>100 Megabytes</ti> > <ti>建è°ä½¿ç¨ ext2/3 (æç°¡å®); å¦æä½ è¦ä½¿ç¨ ReiserFS, è«å¨æè¼æå å ¥ <c>-o notail</c></ti> > <ti>/dev/hda1</ti> > </tr> > <tr> > <ti>swap åå²å (ä¹åæ¯ä¸å¾å¤§æ¼128MB, ç¾å¨å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨çº 2GB)</ti> > <ti>大é¨åä¾èªª, swap ç大å°æ±ºå®æ¼ RAM. å¦æä½ ç RAM æ128MB, é£æå¥½çµ¦ä» 256MB.</ti> > <ti>Linux swap</ti> > <ti>/dev/hda2</ti> > </tr> > <tr> > <ti>"æ ¹(root)"åå²å, å å«è主è¦çæªæ¡ç³»çµ± (/usr, /home, çç)</ti> > <ti>>=1.5 Gigabytes</ti> > <ti>è¦å½¹ä½¿ç¨ ReiserFS æ ext3; ext2 å¯ä»¥</ti> > <ti>/dev/hda3</ti> > </tr> ></table> > ><p>OK, ç¾å¨æå該ä¾å»ºç«éäºåå²åäº. æåå¯ä»¥è¼¸å ¥ <c>fdisk /dev/hda</c> ææ¯ ><c>fdisk /dev/sda</c> (ä¾ä½ ç硬ç¢é¡å IDE æ SCSI ). ç¶å¾æä¸ <c>p</c> è§çä½ ç®åç >åå²åå表. 裡é¢æä½ æ³çä½ççå? å¦ææ, è«<b>馬ä¸åæ¢</b> å¦æä½ ç¹¼çºä¸å»ç話, ><b>ææåå²å裡é¢çè³æå°æä¸è¦</b> ></p> > ><impo>éäºæ¥é©å°ææ硬ç¢ä¸çè³æ<b>å ¨é¨æ¸ é¤</b>. å¦æä½ æ²æéè¦è³æç話, ><b></b>è«å次確å®ä½ é¸æå°ç硬ç¢</b> ></impo> > ><p>ç¾å¨, æè¦æåææçåå²ååªé¤. ä½ å¯ä»¥è¼¸å ¥ <c>d</c> åæ Enter. >ä½ å°æ被åè¦åªé¤é£ååå²å. è¦åªé¤ç¬¬ä¸ååå²åä½ å°±è¦è¼¸å ¥:</p> > ><pre caption="åªé¤æä¸åå²å"> >Command (m for help): d >Partition number (1-4): 1 ></pre> > ><p>The partition has been scheduled for deletion. It will no longer show up if >you type <c>p</c>, but it will not be erased until your changes have been >saved. If you made a mistake and want to abort without saving your changes, >type <c>q</c> immediately and hit enter and your partition will not be >deleted.</p> ><!-- NOTE: THis is not sufficient documentation to cover ATA Raid and I just >find it confusing, so I'm commenting it out (drobbins) ><note>If you are using RAID your partitions will be a little different. You >will have the partitions like this: <path>/dev/ataraid/discX/partY</path> X are >the arrays you have made, so if you only have made 1 array, then it will be >disc0.Y is the partition number as in <path>/dev/hdaY</path> </note> >--> ><p>ç¾å¨, åè¨ä½ è¦åªé¤ææçåå²å, è«éè¤è¼¸å ¥ <c>p</c> ååºåå²ååå®, >ç¶å¾ <c>d</c> å ä¸ä½ è¦åªé¤çåå²å. æå¾ä½ çåå²åå°æçèµ·ä¾åé樣.. ></p> > ><pre caption="空çåå²åå表"> >Disk /dev/hda: 30.0 GB, 30005821440 bytes >240 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3876 cylinders >Units = cylinders of 15120 * 512 = 7741440 bytes > > Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System > >Command (m for help): ></pre> > ><p> >æ¥ä¸ä¾, æåéè¦å»ºç«ä¸åéæ©åå²å(Boot partition). è¼¸å ¥ <c>n</c> 建ç«ä¸åæ°çåå²å. >ç¶å¾æ <c>1</c> 建ç«æå第ä¸ååå²å. ç¶ä»åä½ "cylinder"æ, è«æ enter. >ç¶ä»åä½ "last cylinder"æ è¼¸å ¥ <c>+100M</c> ä¾è¦åä¸å 100M çåå²å. >è«åè以ä¸è¼¸åº: ></p> > ><pre caption="建ç«åå²å"> >Command (m for help): n >Command action > e extended > p primary partition (1-4) >p >Partition number (1-4): 1 >First cylinder (1-3876, default 1): >Using default value 1 >Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-3876, default 3876): +100M ></pre> > ><p>ç¾å¨, æ <c>p</c>, å°±å¯ä»¥çå°æååå建ç«çåå²å</p> > ><pre caption="第ä¸ååå²å以被建ç«"> >Command (m for help): p > >Disk /dev/hda: 30.0 GB, 30005821440 bytes >240 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3876 cylinders >Units = cylinders of 15120 * 512 = 7741440 bytes > > Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System >/dev/hda1 1 14 105808+ 83 Linux ></pre> > ><p>æ¥ä¸ä¾, æåéè¦å»ºç« swap åå²å. è¼¸å ¥ <c>n</c> 建ç«ä¸åæ°çåå²å. ç¶å¾ <c>p</c> >å訴 fdisk ä½ è¦ä¸ååºç¤å(primary)çåå²å. æ¥èè¼¸å ¥ <c>2</c>. ç¶ fdisk åèµ· "first cylinder"æ >è«æ enter. ä¹å¾,ç¶ fdisk åèµ· "last cylinder" æ è«è¼¸å ¥ <c>+512M</c>. ç¶æ¥é©å®æå¾, è«æ <c>t</t> >è¨å®ç³»çµ±é¡å. ä½ å°è¦è¼¸å ¥ <c>82</c> å訴系統éæ¯ä¸å swap åå²å. >ç¶ä»¥ä¸æ¥é©å®æå¾, è¼¸å ¥ <c>p</p> ä½ çåå²åå表å°æçèµ·ä¾åé樣... ></p> > ><pre caption="Swap åå²å以建ç«å®æ"> >Command (m for help): p > >Disk /dev/hda: 30.0 GB, 30005821440 bytes >240 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3876 cylinders >Units = cylinders of 15120 * 512 = 7741440 bytes > > Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System >/dev/hda1 1 14 105808+ 83 Linux >/dev/hda2 15 81 506520 82 Linux swap ></pre> > ><p>æå¾è®æåä¾å»ºç« "æ ¹"(root) åå²å. è¼¸å ¥ <c>n</c> 建ç«ä¸åæ°çåå². >ç¶å¾è¼¸å ¥ <c>p</c> åè¨´ç³»çµ±ä½ è¦ä¸ååºç¤å(primary)çåå². æ¥èè¼¸å ¥ <c>2</c>. >ç¶ fdisk åèµ· "first cylinder"æ è«æ enter. >ä¹å¾,ç¶ fdisk åèµ· "last cylinder" æ ä½ å¯ä»¥æ Enter è¡¨ç¤ºä½ è¦å©ä¸ç空é. >å®æä¹å¾ è¼¸å ¥<c>p</c> ä½ çåå²åå表æ該æçèµ·ä¾åé樣... ></p> > ><pre caption=""æ ¹"åå²å以建ç«å®æ"> >Command (m for help): p > >Disk /dev/hda: 30.0 GB, 30005821440 bytes >240 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3876 cylinders >Units = cylinders of 15120 * 512 = 7741440 bytes > > Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System >/dev/hda1 1 14 105808+ 83 Linux >/dev/hda2 15 81 506520 82 Linux swap >/dev/hda3 82 3876 28690200 83 Linux ></pre> > ><p> >Finally, we need to set the "bootable" flag on our boot partition and then write >our changes to disk. To tag <c>/dev/hda1</c> as a "bootable" partition, type ><c>a</c> at the menu and then type in <c>1</c> for the partition number. If you >type <c>p</c> now, you'll now see that <c>/dev/hda1</c> has a <c>*</c> in the "Boot" >column. Now, let's write our changes to disk. To do this, type <c>w</c> and hit >enter. Your disk partitions are now properly configured for a Gentoo Linux >install. >æå¾, æåéè¦è¨ç«ä¸åéæ©ææ¨ ç¶å¾å¯«å°åå²åå表. >æåéè¦æ <c>/dev/hda1</c> è¨çºéæ©ç¨åå²å. è¼¸å ¥ <c>a</c> ç¶å¾è¼¸å ¥ <c>1</c>. >ä½ å°çå° <c>/dev/hda1</c> æéæä¸å <c>*</c>. æ¥ä¸ä¾, æåè¦å°ä¹åä½å¥½çåå²åå¯«å ¥ç¡¬ç¢. >è¼¸å ¥ <c>w</c> åæ Enter. æå! Gentoo Linux çåå²åå·²ç¶å®æäº! ></p> > ><note>å¦æ <c>fdisk</c> ææ¯ <c>cfdisk</c> 顯示éè¦éé, è«éæ°ç¨å ç¢éæ©.</note> ></body> ></section> ><section> ><title>建ç«æªæ¡ç³»çµ±</title> ><body> ><p>ç¾å¨åå²åå·²ç¶å®æäº, æ¯æåå¨éæ©åå²åååå²åæ ¹å»ºç«æªæ¡ç³»çµ±æ¹ä¾¿æ¼å²åè³æ. >æåä¹éè¦å»ºç« swap 系統æ¹ä¾¿å²å swap è³æ. ></p> > ><p>Gentoo Linux æ¯æ´å¤ç¨®æªæ¡ç³»çµ±, æ¯ç¨®é½æä»çå¼·èåå£è. ç®åæåæ¯æ´ ext2, ext3, XFS, JFS å ReiserFS 系統.</p> > ><p>ext2 æ¯ä¸åèç Linux æªæ¡ç³»çµ± ä½æ¯å»ä¸æ¯æ¥èªç³»çµ±. åç¨çæéé常éè¦å¾ä¹ . ç®åæè¨±å¤ <i>æ¥èªåæ </i>çæªæ¡ç³»çµ± >å¯ä»¥ä»¥æ´å¿«çé度åæ´å¥½çæçå®æ系統åç¨å檢æ¥. ></p> > ><p>ext3 çº ext2 çæ¥èªç. æä¾äº metadata æ¥èªç³»çµ± 並ä¸å¯ä»¥å¿«éå°ä½¿ç¨æ¥èªç³»çµ±å¾©å. >ext3 æ¯åç¸ç¶ä¸é¯ä¸¦ä¸å¯é çæªæ¡ç³»çµ±. å¨å¤§é¨åçæ æ³ä¸, ä»é½å¯ä»¥è¡¨ç¾çå¾å¥½. >å¯ä¸çå£èæ¯, ä»ä¸ä½¿ç¨ Tree çºå §é¨è¨è¨ æ以ç¡æ³å¾ææççèçé大çæªæ¡. >ä½æ¯ä»çåæ¸å»è¨è¨çå¾å¥½. æ¯åä¸é¯çæªæ¡ç³»çµ±. ></p> > ><p>ReiserFS æ´çä¾èªªæ¯åç¸ç¶ä¸é¯ç系統, å¨èçå°åæªæ¡(å°æ¼4kb)ææè½ææ¯ ext2 å ext3ä¾ç好. >ä»ä½¿ç¨çæ¯ B*-tree çºåºç¤çæªæ¡ç³»çµ±. å¦å¤ä¹è½å¾ææçå°èç大åæªæ¡. >æ ¸å¿çæ¬ 2.4.18 å¾, ReiserFS æ¯ä¸åç¸ç¶æå¼å¾æ¨è¦ç系統, å¾å¾å°,å°å¾å¤æªæ¡. ReiserFSé½å¯ä»¥èççé常好. >éæ©åå²å並ä¸å»ºè°ä½¿ç¨æ¤æªæ¡ç³»çµ±. > ></p> > ><p>XFS æ¯ä¸å metadat æ¥èªç³»çµ±. Gentoo Linux ä¹å®å ¨æ¯æ´æ¤é æªæ¡ç³»çµ±. >ä½ å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ <path>xfs-sources</path> æ ¸å¿æé XFS. å¦æä½ ä½¿ç¨é«é SCSI >ææ¯çºç¶çå²åè£ç½®, æåææ¨è¦ä½ ä½¿ç¨ XFS. å¦ææ²æ, è«ä½¿ç¨å ¶ä»æªæ¡ç³»çµ±. ></p> > ><p>JFS æ¯ IBM ç¼å±çé«æè½æ¥èªç³»çµ±. ç®åéç¶å·²ç¶å¯ä»¥ç®æ¯åå®æå, éæ¼ä»çç©©å°åº¦ä¸¦æ²æ太å¤çåªé»å缺é». ></p> > ><p>å¦æä½ æ³æ¾ä¸åæèç¨çæ¥èªåæªæ¡ç³»çµ±, è«ä½¿ç¨ ext3. å¦æä½ æ³è¦ä½¿ç¨ >大é¨åé½ä¸é¯çé«æè½æªæ¡ç³»çµ±(æ¥èªå) è«ä½¿ç¨ ReiserFS. >ext3 å ReiserFS é½ç¸ç¶æç, 並ä¸æ¨è¦çºä¸è¬ä½¿ç¨. ></p> > ><!-- Corner case, confusing > <p>But before creating filesystems, you may want to initialize the > beginning of your partition using <c>dd</c> if you are using a pre-existing partition that has been used before. > This is particularly helpful when you're going to create a new XFS filesystem on a partition that previously contained > a ReiserFS filesystem. Doing this will ensure that your new filesystem > will not be mis-identified by Linux's filesystem auto-detection code. > This can be done as follows: > </p> ><pre caption="Initializing first 1024 bytes of your partition"> ># <c>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hda3 bs=1k count=1</c> ><comment>(Replace /dev/hda3 with the partition you wish to "clean.")</comment> ></pre> > <warn>The command above will destroy all data from <path>/dev/hda3</path>. > Be careful and check twice which partition you specify for zeroing. > If you make a mistake it might result in a loss of data. > </warn> >--> > ><p>åºæ¼ä»¥ä¸çä»ç´¹, æåå°ç¨ä»¥ä¸çæ令ä¾å»ºç«æªæ¡ç³»çµ±</p> > ><pre caption="建ç«æªæ¡ç³»çµ± (ç¯ä¾)"> ># mke2fs -j /dev/hda1 ># mkswap /dev/hda2 ># mkreiserfs /dev/hda3 ></pre> > ><p>æåå°é¸çº ext ä½çº <c>/dev/hda1</c> éæ©åå²å å çºæ¤æªæ¡ç³»çµ±å åºä¸¦ä¸å¤§é¨åçéæ©ç¨å¼é½ææ¯æ´. >æåå°å¨ <c>/dev/hda2</c> ä½¿ç¨ <c>mkdswap</c> å»ºç« Swap åå²å. å°æ¼æ ¹ç®é, <c>/dev/hda3</c> >æåå°ä½¿ç¨ ReiserFS. åå æ¯å çºä»ç建æ§å¼·å¤§ä¸¦ä¸ç©©å®. 以ä¸çºå»ºç«é£äºç³»çµ±æªæ¡çæ令: ></p> > > <p>æåå°ä½¿ç¨<c>mkswap</c>å»ºç« swap</p> ><pre caption="Initializing Swap"> ># <c>mkswap /dev/hda2</c> ></pre> ><p>ä½ ä¹å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ <c>mke2fs</c> å»ºç« ext2 çæªæ¡ç³»çµ±:</p> ><pre caption="å»ºç« ext2 æªæ¡ç³»çµ±"> ># <i>mke2fs /dev/hda1</i> ></pre> ><p>å¦æä½ æ³ä½¿ç¨ç©©å®é»ç系統 å»ºç« ext3 çæ令çº: > <c>mke2fs -j</c>:</p> ><pre caption="å»ºç« ext3 çæªæ¡ç³»çµ±""> ># <c>mke2fs -j /dev/hda3</c> ></pre> > <note>ä½ å¯ä»¥å¨ä»¥ä¸ç網åæ¾å°éæ¼ Linux 2.4 ç ext3 系統 > <uri>http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/ext3/ext3-usage.html</uri>.</note> > <p>å¦æè¦å»ºç« ReiserFS 系統 æ令çº: <c>mkreiserfs</c></p> ><pre caption="å»ºç« ReiserFS æªæ¡ç³»çµ±"> ># <c>mkreiserfs /dev/hda3</c> ></pre> > <p>å¦æè¦å»ºç« XFS 系統 æ令çº: <c>mkfs.xfs</c></p> ><pre caption="å»ºç« XFS æªæ¡ç³»çµ±"> ># <c>mkfs.xfs /dev/hda3</c> ></pre> > <note>ä½¿ç¨ mkfs.xfs æä½ éè¦å å ¥ä¸äºåæ¸ ä¾: <c>mkfs.fs -d agcount=3 -l size=32m</c> ><c>-d agcount=3</c>代表èæ¤åæ¸å°ææ¸å°é 置群 (Allocation groups). >XFS æè¦æå°ä¸åé 置群æ 4GB. èä¾ä¾èªª, ä½ æä¸å 20GB çåå²å, æå°ç agcount æ¯ 5 ><c>-l size=32m</c> å°æå¢å æ¥èªå¤§å°å°32MB 以å¢å æç. ></note> > > <p>å¦æè¦å»ºç« JFS æªæ¡ç³»çµ± æ令çº: <c>mkfs.jfs</c></p> ><pre caption="å»ºç« JFS æªæ¡ç³»çµ±"> ># <c>mkfs.jfs /dev/hda3</c> ></pre> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>æè¼åå²å</title> > <section> > <body> > <p>ç¾å¨, æåå°åç¨ Swap 以便å¾é¢æ¥é©æé. > </p> ><pre caption="åå swap"> ># <c>swapon /dev/hda2</c> ></pre> > > <p>æ¥ä¸ä¾, æééè¦å»ºç« <path>/mnt/gentoo</path> å <path>/mnt/gentoo/boot</path> çç®é. > æåå°ææåå²å¥½ç硬ç¢æå¨éå ©åç®éä¸. <path>/mnt/gentoo</path> å°ææçºæå主è¦çæªæ¡ç³»çµ±. > å¦æä½ è¦å° Gentoo Linux è¨å®çº <path>/usr</path> å <path>/var</path> 使ç¨èªå·±çåå²å. > æåå°è¦å¤å»ºç«å¹¾åç®é. å¦ <path>/mnt/gentoo/usr</path> å <path>/mnt/gentoo/var</path> çç. > </p> > > <impo>å¦æä½ çéæ©åå²å (Boot Partition, ç¨ä¾å²å Kernelå éæ©æªæ¡) 使ç¨çæ¯ ReiserFS, è«ç¢ºå®ä½ ææè¼ > å å ¥ <c>-o notail</c> çåæ¸. é樣ä¸ä¾ GRUB æå¯ä»¥æ£å¸¸çå®è£. > å¦å¤, è«ç¢ºå® <path>/etc/fstab</path> çæè¼è¨å®ä¹ææ¤åæ¸ (ReiserFS æªæ¡ç³»çµ±å°ç¨) > </impo> > ><pre caption="建ç«æè¼ç®é"> ># <c>mkdir /mnt/gentoo</c> ># <c>mount /dev/hda3 /mnt/gentoo</c> ># <c>mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot</c> ># <c>mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot</c> ></pre> > > <impo>å¦æä½ å¨æè¼åå²åæ(使ç¨çæ¯ ext2), ä½ å¯ä»¥å試æ¤æ令: <c>mount /dev/hXX /mnt/gentoo -t ext2</c></impo> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>Stage å£ç¸®æªè chroot</title> > <section> > <title>é¸æä¸åä½ æ³å®è£ç Stage å£ç¸®æª</title> > <body> > ><p>æ¥ä¸ä¾, å¦æä½ éæ²æ±ºå®è¦ä½¿ç¨é£å Stage å£ç¸®æªæ¡, ä½ ç¾å¨éè¦é¸æä¸å. ></p> > ><p>å¦æä½ æç®å¾"æåºæ¬"éå§å®è£, ä½ å°éè¦çæ¯ <path>stage1-x86-1.4_rc3.tar.bz2</path>. >å¦æä½ æä¸è¼ "gentoo-3stages" å ç¢, ä½ ä¹å¯ä»¥é¸æ "Stage2" ææ¯ "Stage3" çå£ç¸®æªæ¡. >éäºæ¯è¼çæ, Stage2 å Stage3 å·²ç¶ç¨ Gentoo é è¨ç "USE" åæ¸ç·¨è¯éäº. >ä½ ä¹å¯ä»¥å° <path>/mnt/cdrom/gentoo</path> ä¸ä½¿ç¨é£äºæªæ¡. ä½ ä¹å¯ä»¥è¼¸å ¥ <c>ls /mnt/cdrom/gentoo</c> >çç裡é¢æä»éº¼. ></p> > ><p>å¦æä½ æ³ç¨ç Stage å£ç¸®æªæ¡(tarball) çæ¬ä¸å¨å ç¢è£¡, ä½ éè¦ä¸è¼å°ç¡¬ç¢è£¡. >以æ¥é©å°æä½ å¦ä½ä¸è¼ Starge çå£ç¸®æªæ¡. ></p> > ><pre caption="ä¸è¼ä½ è¦çå£ç¸®æª"> ># <c>cd /mnt/gentoo</c> ><comment>ä½¿ç¨ lynx ä½çºé覽å¨:</comment> ># <c>lynx http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/distributions/gentoo/releases/1.4_rc3/x86/</c> ><comment>æ <c>ä¸</c> å <c>ä¸</c> 移åææ¨ (ææ¯ä½¿ç¨ <c>TAB</c>) ç¶ä½ æ¾å°æ³è¦ä¸è¼çæªæ¡æ, >æ <c>d</c> Lynx å°±æéå§ä¸è¼ >å²åç¶å¾é¢é lynx. > ><b>å¦ä¸åæ¹æ³</b> 使ç¨wgetç´æ¥ä¸è¼:</comment> ># <c>wget <comment>Stage å£ç¸®æªç¶²å.</comment></c> ></pre> > </body> > </section> > <section> > <title>解éå£ç¸®æª</title> > <body> > ><p>ç¾å¨æåè©²å° Stage å£ç¸®æªè§£éå° <c>/mnt/gentoo</c>. è¨ä½! ä½ åªéè¦è§£é<b>ä¸å</b> Stage å£ç¸®æª. >å¦æä½ æ³è¦ä½¿ç¨æç°¡å®ç Stage 3, ä½ åªéè¦è§£é Starge3 çå£ç¸®æª. >ä¾ç §ä¸é¢æ令解éå£ç¸®æª: ></p> > ><impo> >ä¸å®ä¸å¯ä»¥å¿è¨è¦æ <c>p</c> æ¾å ¥ <c>tar</c> çåæ¸. å¦æä½ å¿è¨ç話, æ¬éåé¡å°æè®ä½ å¾é ç.</impo> > ><pre caption="Unpacking the Stages"> ># <c>cd /mnt/gentoo</c> ><comment>æ以ä¸æ¹çºä½ è¦è§£å£ç¸®ç Stage. å¦æä½ è¦ç¨ Stage3 å°±æ¹æ stage3</comment> ><comment>ææªæ¡è¤è£½å° "/mnt/gentoo/" çç®éä¸. å¦æå¨ "/mnt/cdrom/gentoo/" å°ç¡æ³è§£é(å çºé£æ¯ä¸åå ç¢æ©çç®é). >.</comment> ># <c>tar -xvjpf /mnt/cdrom/gentoo/stage3-*.tar.bz2</c> ></pre> > ><p>解å£ç¸®å¾å¯ä»¥ææ¾å¨<path>/mnt/gentoo</path>çå£ç¸®æªåªæ. ><c>rm /mnt/gentoo/stage*.tar.bz2</c>.</p> ></body> ></section> ><section> ><title>é²å ¥ chroot</title> ><body> ><p> >æ¥ä¸ä¾æåå°ä½¿ç¨ <c>chroot</c>"é²å ¥"æ°ç Gentoo Linux 建é ç°å¢. ></p> > ><pre caption="æºååé²å ¥ chroot ç°å¢"> ># <c>mount -t proc proc /mnt/gentoo/proc</c> ># <c>cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf</c> ># <c>chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash</c> ># <c>env-update</c> >Regenerating /etc/ld.so.cache... ># <c>source /etc/profile</c> ><comment>以ä¸æ令å°å¸¶ä½ é²å ¥æ°çç®éåæ´æ°äºé²ä½çæªæ¡(binaries))</comment> ></pre> > <p>ç¶ä½ å·è¡ä»¥ä¸æªæ¡æ, ä½ å°æ被"å¸¶å ¥" æ°ç Gentoo Linux ç°å¢ (<path>/mnt/gentoo</path>). > æåå¯ä»¥å¨ chroot 裡é¢ç¹¼çºå©ä¸çå®è£ç°å¢. > </p> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>ä½¿ç¨ sync æ´æ° Portage tree</title> > <section> > <body> > ><p>ç¾å¨, è¼¸å ¥ <c>emerge sync</c>. éåæ令æ¯å訴 Portage ä¸è¼ç®åææ°ç Gentoo Linux Portage tree. >Portage tree å å«èææéè¦å®è£çç¨å¼ç¨åº (æåå«ä» ebuilds). ç®åæåææ¥è¿ 4000 åç¨å¼å è£. >ç¶ä½ ç <c>emerge sync</c> å®æå¾, ææ°ç Portage å°±ææ¾å¨ <path>/usr/portage</path>. ></p> > ><pre caption="å©ç¨ sync æ´æ°"> ># <c>emerge sync</c> ></pre> > > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>è¨å® Gentoo èªè¨åæ¸ (make.conf)</title> > <section> > <body> > ><p>ç¾å¨ä½ å Portage å·²ç¶æ´æ°äº. æåç¾å¨éè¦è¨å®èªè¨çåæ¸. Gentoo Linux å¾ Portage ç·¨è¯ç¨å¼æ >å°æ使ç¨éäºåæ¸. ä½ æ該è¦ä¾èªå·±ç系統, æ³è¦å®è£çæ¹å¼èªè¨ä½ ç <c>USE</c>åæ¸. >é è¨çåæ¸æ¯<e>空ç</e>,æä»¥ä½ å¿ é è¨å®ä»¥ä½¿ç³»çµ±éå°æé«çæç. >ä½ å¯ä»¥å°<uri link="http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/use-howto.xml">æ¥çUSEçæå¸</uri> >ææ¯<uri link="http://www.gentoo.org/dyn/use-index.xml">æ¥ç USE çåæ¸</uri>. ></p> > ><p> >ä½ ä¹æ該è¨å® <c>CHOST</c>, <c>CFLAGS</c> å <c>CXXFLAGS</c>. éäºè¨å®æ¯å訴 >C å C++ ç·¨è¯å¨å¦ä½æ´ææççç·¨è¯ä½ ç系統.å¦æä½ ä½¿ç¨çæ¯ Athlon XP èçå¨, >ä½ å°±è¦è¨ "-march=althon-xp" å¨ CFLAGS å CXXFLAGS ä¸. >ææ´å¤çç¯ä¾å¨ <path>/etc/make.conf</path> ></p> > ><p>å¦æä½ å¨é²ç«çå¾é¢, ä½ æè©²è¦ <path>/etc/make.conf</path> è¨å®. >ä½ å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ <c>nano</c> ç¨å¼é²è¡ç·¨è¼¯. ></p> ><pre caption="è¨å® make.conf åæ¸"> ># <c>nano -w /etc/make.conf</c> ><comment>(編輯 CHOST, CFLAGS, CXXFLAGS åèªè¨ç USE åæ¸ ææ¯ ä»£ç伺æå¨è¨å®)</comment> ></pre> > <note> > éè¦æ´å¤èªè¨ç¨å¼ç·¨è¯ç人ä¹æ該è¦çç <path>/etc/make.globals</path>. éåæªæ¡æ¯é è¨ç, > å¦æä½ è¦ºå¾ä¸¦ä¸è½æ»¿è¶³ä½ éæ±, ä½ å¯ä»¥å¨ <path>/etc/make.conf</path> å¢å ä¸äºåæ¸. > <path>/etc/make.conf</path>å°æ <comment>èé</comment> <path>make.globals</path>çåæ¸. > å¦æä½ æ³è¦èªè¨åæ¸, çç <path>/etc/make.profile/make.defaults</path> 裡é¢çè¨å®. > å¦æä½ æ³è¦ç§»é¤æäº <c>USE</c> 裡é¢çåæ¸, ä½ å¯ä»¥å¨ <path>/etc/make.conf</path> æ¾ <c>USE</c> 並æ¹æ<c>USE="-foo"</c> > é樣ä¸ä¾ <c>foo</c> å°±æå¨ <path>/etc/make.conf</path>裡被éé. è <path>/etc/make.globals</path> ææ¯ <path>/etc/make.profile/make.defaults</path>å°æ被ç¥é. > </note> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>å¾ Stage 1 éå§å®è£</title> > <section> > <body> > <note>ä½ æä½ ä¸æç®å¾ Stage1éå§, è«è·³ééåé¨ä»½.</note> > <p>Stage1 å¯ä»¥è®ä½ å®å ¨ä¾èªå·±çéè¦èªè¨ç³»çµ±è¨å®. å¦æä½ é¸æéåå£ç¸®æª, ä½ æ該æ³è¦ä¸åå®å ¨çºèªå·±éè¦ç系統å§. > è«æ ¢æ ¢äº«å, éç¶éåé段å°ç¨æä½ å¾å¤æé. ä½æ¯å¯ä»¥å®å ¨éå°ä½ å°ç³»çµ±çéæ±æ¨æº. > </p> > <p>ç¾å¨è©²éå§æåç "bootstrap" é段. ä½è 使ç¨çæ¯ 1200Mhz AMD Athlon系統 大ç´å°è±è²» 2 å ©åå°æ. >å¨æ¤é段æåå°ç·¨è¯, GNU C ç·¨è¯å¨åå ¶ä»éè¦ç系統ç¨å¼. è«è·è以ä¸æ¥é©é²è¡: ></p> ><pre caption="Bootstrapping"> ># <c>cd /usr/portage</c> ># <c>scripts/bootstrap.sh</c> ></pre> > <p>æåå°éå§ç·¨è¯ "bootstrap" > </p> > <note>Portage é è¨æå°ä½¿ç¨ <c>/var/tmp</c> çç®éé²è¡ç¨å¼ç·¨è¯. æå¯è½æè¶ é x00 MB. å¦æä½ æ³è¦æ´æ¹ > æ¤ç®å¦ è«æç §ä»¥ä¸æ¥é©: > </note> ><pre caption="æ´æ¹ Portage's è¨æå·¥ä½ç®é"> ># <c>export PORTAGE_TMPDIR="/otherdir/tmp"</c> ></pre> > <p><c>bootstrap.sh</c> å°ææ <c>binutils</c>, <c>gcc</c>, <c>gettext</c>, > å <c>glibc</c>, éæ°ç·¨è¯ è <c>glibc</c>.éè¦é·ä¸é»çæé.ç¶ä½ 以ä¸ç¨åºå®æå¾ä½ å°±æå°é第äºé段 (Stage 2) > </p> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>第äºé段</title> > <section> > <body> > > <note>éåé段æ¯éå§ç¬¬äºé段.ææ¯ç¹¼çºç¬¬ä¸é段. å¦æä½ é¸æå¾ Stage3 éå§, è«è·³éé裡. > </note> > > <p>Stage 2 çå£ç¸®æªå·²ç¶æå å«è bootstraping, å¦æä½ æ¯å¾ç¬¬ä¸é段éå§, è«ä¸è¦å解éStage2çå£ç¸®æªäº.<b>è«ä¸è¦ç¨¿æ··.</b> > </p> ><pre caption="å®è£å©ä¸ç系統"> ># <c>emerge -p system</c> ><comment>(ä½¿ç¨ -p å°æ顯示åºæé£äºç¨å¼æ被編è¯)</comment> ># <c>emerge system</c> ></pre> > <p> > ç·¨è¯ç³»çµ±éè¦ä¸æ®µæé, çè 建è°ä½ å»ç© PS2 ç "Star Wars - Super Bombad Racing&;quot > </p> > <p>When this process completes, your system will be the equivalent of a stage3 system. You have > a couple of choices on how to continue > at this point. You can move onto the stage3 instructions and complete those. Doing that will > get your system right up to date with what is in the current Portage tree. This is not necessary, > but it is highly recommended. > ç¶ä½ å®æ以ä¸æ¥é©æ, ä½ ç系統å°å·²ç¶çæ¼äº Stage3. å¨éåé段, ä½ å¯ä»¥ç¹¼çºä¸å»æç § Stage 3 çæ¥é© > éåæ¥é©ææ´æ°ä½ ç Portage Tree. éç¶ä¸éè¦, ä½æ¯æå建è°ä½ æ´æ°. > </p> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>å¾ Stage 3 éå§</title> > <section> > <body> > <note>éåé段æ¯çµ¦ <b>å¾ stage 3 éå§ç</b> 並ä¸é©åå¾ Stage1 ææ¯ Stage2. å¦æä½ æ¯å¾ Stage1 ææ¯ Stage2 éå§, è«ç§»å°ä¸åé¨ä»½.</note> > <p>Stage3 çå£ç¸®æªæä¾å®å ¨ç Gentoo Linux 系統åºç¤. ä½ ä¸éè¦ç·¨è¯ä»»ä½æ±è¥¿. ä½ åªéè¦å°ç³»çµ±ç¨å¼æ´æ°. > å¦æä½ ç Stage3 å£ç¸®æªæ¯èç, æå¯è½æè±ä¸å¾é·ä¸æ®µæéç·¨è¯. éåæ¥é©å°å¿«éçæ´æ°ä½ ç系統å°ææ°ççæ . > </p> > ><pre caption="æ´æ°"> ># <c>export CONFIG_PROTECT="-*"</c> ># <c>emerge -up system</c> ><comment>(ä½¿ç¨ -p å°æ顯示åºæé£äºç¨å¼æ被編è¯)</comment> ># <c>emerge -u system</c> ><comment>(-u 確實çæ´æ°ç³»çµ±)</comment> ># <c>unset CONFIG_PROTECT</c> ></pre> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>è¨å®æéåå</title> > <section> > <body> > <p>ç¾å¨æåéè¦è¨å®æéåå</p> > <p>æ¥ä¸ä¸ä½ çæéåå (å¦æä½ æ¯ç¨ GMT è«ç¨GTM) > å¾ <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo</path>.ç¶å¾ä½åé£æ¥å° > /etc/localtime ç¯ä¾çº:</p> ><pre caption="建ç«æéååé£æ¥"> ># <c>ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/é¸æ/ä½ ç/ååæªæ¡ /etc/localtime</c> ></pre> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>å®è£Linux æ ¸å¿(kernel) å系統è¨éå¨</title> > <section> > <body> > <note> > å¦æä½ éæ²æç·¨è¯ <path>/etc/make.conf</path> è«ç·¨è¯å¾å¨é²è¡ä¸ä¸æ¥é©. > </note> > <p>ä½ ç¾å¨éè¦å®è£ Linux æ ¸å¿åå§ç¢¼ (Kernel Sources) æåæä¾: > </p> > <table> > <tr> > <th>ebuild</th> > <th>ä»ç´¹</th> > </tr> > <tr> > <ti> > <path>gentoo-sources</path> > </ti> > <ti>æåçé«æè½æ ¸å¿åå§ç¢¼,ä½æ¯ä¸æ¯æ´ XFS.</ti> > </tr> > <tr> > <ti> > <path>xfs-sources</path> > </ti> > <ti>ä½¿ç¨ XFS çé«é å度çæ ¸å¿.</ti> > </tr> > <tr> > <ti> > <path>openmosix-sources</path> > </ti> > <ti>openMosix åå§æ ¸å¿æªç¹å¥çºäºæ¯æ´ GPL <uri link="http://www.openmosix.com">openMosix</uri> load-balancing/clustering æè¡èæ¹éç.</ti> > </tr> > <tr> > <ti> > <path>usermode-sources</path> > </ti> > <ti>æ´æ¹å¾çæ ¸å¿åå§ç¢¼, æ¯æ´User-Mode Linux. ("Linux inside Linux" technology)</ti> > </tr> > <tr> > <ti> > <path>vanilla-sources</path> > </ti> > <ti>åºæ¬çæ ¸å¿åå§ç¢¼, å°±åå¾ kerenel.org ä¸è¼çä¸æ¨£</ti> > </tr> > </table> > <warn> > å¦æä½ è¦èªè¡ç·¨è¯ç³»çµ±æ ¸å¿, è«å°å¿ <i>gresecurity</i> çé¸é . 太éå°å¿å®å ¨æ¹é¢çè¨å®å°æå½±é¿æäºç¨å¼ (å¦: X). > å¦æä½ ä¸ç¢ºå®, è«ä¸è¦æ´æ¹ä». > </warn> > <p>é¸æä¸åæ ¸å¿çæ¬, 並æç §ä»¥ä¸æ¹å¼ç·¨è¯</p> ><pre caption="Emerge æ ¸å¿åå§ç¢¼"> ># <c>emerge sys-kernel/gentoo-sources</c> ></pre> > <p>ç¶ emerge å®ææ, ä½ å¯ä»¥éå§ç·¨è¯èªå·±çæ ¸å¿äº. > </p> > <p>è«æ³¨æ: <path>/usr/src/linux</path> åªæ¯ä¸åé£æ¥, 並ä¸æ¯çæ£çç®é. æ¯æ¬¡ä½ emerge ä¸åæ ¸å¿åå§æªæ, > ä»å°±æèªåæ´æ¹é£æ¥. å¦æä½ æå¤åæ ¸å¿åå§ç¢¼, è«å¨ç·¨è¯ä¹åå 確å®é£æ¥æ¯å¦æ£ç¢º. > </p> ><pre caption="ç·¨è¯ Linux æ ¸å¿"> ># <c>cd /usr/src/linux</c> ># <c>make menuconfig</c> ># <c>make dep && make clean bzImage modules modules_install</c> ># <c>cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot</c> ></pre> > <warn>For your kernel to function properly, there are several options that you will > need to ensure are in the kernel proper -- that is, they should <i>be enabled and not > compiled as modules</i>. Be sure to enable "ReiserFS" if you have > any ReiserFS partitions; the same goes for "Ext3". If you're using XFS, enable the > "SGI XFS filesystem support" option. It's always a good idea to leave ext2 > enabled whether you are using it or not. Below are some common options that you will need: > çºäºè¦ç¢ºä¿ä½ ç·¨è¯çæ ¸å¿ç¡èª¤, ä½ å¿ é è¦ç¢ºå®ä»¥ä¸æä¾ç建è°<i>æå §å»º(èä¸æ¯ä½¿ç¨æ¨¡çµçæ¹å¼)å°<i></i> æ ¸å¿l裡é¢. > å¦æä½ æä»»ä½ "ReiserFS" å "ext3" çåå²å, å¦å¤, ä¸è«ä½ æ¯å¦ä½¿ç¨ ext2, è«æ ext2 è¨çºå §å»º. > ä¸é¢æ¯ä¸äºç·¨è¯æ ¸å¿æ該注æçæ示 > </warn> ><pre caption="make menuconfig é¸æ"> >Code maturity level options ---> > [*] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers" ><comment>(ä½ å¿ é è¦å §å»ºéé¨ä»½çæäºåè½.)</comment> > ... > >File systems ---> > <*> Reiserfs support ><comment>(å¦æä½ æç¨å° ReiserFS)</comment> > ... > <*> Ext3 journalling file system support ><comment>(å¦æä½ æç¨å° ext3.)</comment> > ... > [*] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs) ><comment>(Gentoo Linux å¿ é é¸ç¨æ¤é .)</comment> > ... > <*> JFS filesystem support ><comment>(å¦æä½ æç¨å°g JFS.)</comment> > ... > [*] /proc file system support ><comment>(Gentoo Linux å¿ é é¸ç¨æ¤é .)</comment> > [*] /dev file system support (EXPERIMENTAL) > [*] Automatically mount at boot ><comment>(Gentoo Linux å¿ é é¸ç¨æ¤é .)</comment> > [ ] /dev/pts file system for Unix98 PTYs ><comment>(ä¸éè¦.)</comment> > ... > <*> Second extended fs support ><comment>(å¦æä½ æç¨å° ext2.)</comment> > ... > <*> XFS filesystem support ><comment>(å¦æä½ æç¨å° XFS.)</comment> ></pre> > <p>å¦æä½ ä½¿ç¨ç¡¬é« RAID, ä½ å°éè¦å¨å¤é¸ç¨å¹¾åé¸é . Highpoint RAID æ§å¶å¡ å Highpoint 370è»é«éè¦é¸ hpt366 以便使ç¨. > Promise RAID æ§å¶å¡å°éè¦é¸æ PROMISE PDC202{46|62|65|67|68|69|70} 硬é«åè»é«æ¯æ´. (Fasttrak(tm)) > </p> > <p>å¦æä½ æ¯ä½¿ç¨ PPPoE é£ä¸ç¶²è·¯, ä½ å°éè¦ä»¥ä¸æ ¸å¿é¸é (ä»¥å §å»ºææ¯æ¨¡çµ): > "PPP (point-to-point protocol) support", "PPP support for async serial ports", > "PPP support for sync tty ports". The two compression options won't harm but > are not definitely needed, neither does the "PPP over Ethernet" > éäºé½æ¯ <i>rp-pppoe</i> éè¦çåè½. > </p> > <p>å¦æä½ ä½¿ç¨ IDE çéæ©, é£ä½ éè¦å §å»º SCSI emulation. > ä½ éè¦å¾é¸:"ATA/IDE/MFM/RLL support" ---> "IDE, ATA and ATAPI Block > devices" ---> "SCSI emulation support" (ææä»åè¨çºæ¨¡çµåæ ). > éæ,å¨ "SCSI support" åºä¸, å¾é¸ "SCSI support", "SCSI CD-ROM support" å > "SCSI generic support" å¦æä½ ä¹æ以ä¸é£äºè¨çºæ¨¡çµ, ä½ å°è¦å¨ç·¨è¯å®ææè¼¸å ¥ <c>echo -e "ide-scsi\nsg\nsr_mod" > >> /etc/modules.autoload</c>å¿ ä¾¿éæ©æèªååå. > </p> > <note> > 給é£äºæ³è¦å®è£ Gentoo Linux ä½¿ç¨ æ ¸å¿ 2.2 ç人, > ç¾å¨ Gentoo Linux å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ 2.2 ççæ ¸å¿. ä½æ¯, é樣åæ¯è¦ä»åºä»£å¹ç. > ä½ å°ææ失å¾å¤åè½, å æ¬ XFS, iptables çç. éç¶ 2.2ççæ ¸å¿å¯ä»¥å©ç¨è£éå¢å ReiserFS å devfs æ¯æ´. > Gentoo Linux éæ©ç¨åºéè¦ä½¿ç¨å°æ ¸å¿å §å»ºç tmpfs ææ¯ ramdisk. æ以 2.2 ç使ç¨è å°è¦ç¢ºå® ramdisk æè¢«å §å»º(ä¸è½å¾é¸çºæ¨¡çµ). > ä½ <comment>ä¸å®è¦</comment> <path>/boot/grub/grub.conf</path> ææ¯ <path>/etc/lilo.conf</path> å å ¥ <e>gentoo=notmpfs</e> > å°è£¡é¢ç kernel é¸é . ç¶å¾ 2.2 ççæ ¸å¿å°±æä½¿ç¨ ramdisk èç¥é tmpfs. å¦æä½ é¸æä¸ç¨ devfs, é£å°±å å ¥ <e>gentoo=notmpfs,nodevfs</e> > </note> > <p>çºé»è ¦é身æé çæ ¸å¿åºçå¦! ç¾å¨ä½ å°éè¦é¸ä¸å系統ç´éå¨. æåæä¾å³çµ±ç sysklogd éæ msyslog å syslog-ng. > ç©å®¶ç´ç使ç¨è é½æé¸æå¾é¢å ©è . (å çºsysklogdåå¾å ©è æ¯è¼èµ·ä¾æçæ²é£éº¼å¥½). èä¸å¾å ©è æä¾ç®ååæ¡è¿ç metalog. > 以ä¸å°æ¯æä½ å®è£è¨éå¨çæ¥é©. ä»»é¸ä¸å³å¯: > </p> ><pre caption="å®è£ä½ åæ¡ç系統è¨éå¨"> ># <c>emerge app-admin/sysklogd</c> ># <c>rc-update add sysklogd default</c> ><comment>ææ¯</comment> ># <c>emerge app-admin/syslog-ng</c> ># <c>rc-update add syslog-ng default</c> ><comment>ææ¯</comment> ># <c>emerge app-admin/metalog</c> ># <c>rc-update add metalog default</c> ><comment>ææ¯</comment> ># <c>emerge app-admin/msyslog</c> ># <c>rc-update add msyslog default</c> ></pre> > <impo> > Metalog å°ææç´é以åå¡(blocks)çæ¹å¼å¡è¼¸åºå°ç¡¬ç¢ä¸. é樣ç話,ç´éè¨æ¯æé¨ææ馬ä¸è®æ系統ç´é(system logs). > å¦æä½ æ£å¨é¤é¯ä¸å系統æå, é£éº¼metalogçæ¹å¼å°æè®æä¸å¤ªé©ç¨.. ç¶ä½ ç Gentoo Linux 系統å®è£å®æå¾, ä½ å¯ä»¥éåºä¸å URSR1 çè¨æ¯çµ¦ > metalog. é樣å°ææ«ææ§çéé. ä½ å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ <i>tail -f <path>/va/log/ä»»ä½æ±è¥¿/é ç®</i> é¤é¯. > USR2 å°æåå metalog. å¦æä½ è¦æ°¸ä¹ ééæ¤é ç·©è¡åçåè½, ä½ å¯ä»¥å° <path>/etc/conf.d/metalog</path> æ METALOG_OPTS="-B" æ¹æ > METALOG_OPTS="-B -s" > </impo> > <p>æ¥ä¸ä¾ä½ å¿ é é¸æä¸å cron ç¨å¼. ç®åæåæä¾ dcron, fcron å vcron. å¦æä½ ä¸ç¥é該é¸é£ä¸å, > æå建è°ä½ ä½¿ç¨ vcron. è«æç §ä»¥ä¸æ¥é©å®è£: > </p> ><pre caption="é¸æä¸å Cron æåå¨"> ># <c>emerge sys-apps/dcron</c> ># <c>rc-update add dcron default</c> ># <c>crontab /etc/crontab</c> ><comment>ææ¯</comment> ># <c>emerge sys-apps/fcron</c> ># <c>rc-update add fcron default</c> ># <c>crontab /etc/crontab</c> ><comment>ææ¯</comment> ># <c>emerge sys-apps/vcron</c> ># <c>rc-update add vcron default</c> ><comment>å¦æä½ ä½¿ç¨ vcron ä½ ä¸éè¦ <c>crontab /etc/crontab</c></comment> ></pre> > <p>å¦ææ³å¤äºè§£å¦ä½åå系統æååç¨å¼, è«å°: > <uri link="/doc/en/rc-scripts.xml">rc-script æå¸</uri>. > </p> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>å®è£å ¶ä»å¿ è¦çè»é«</title> > <section> > <body> > <p>å¦æä½ éè¦ rp-pppoe é£ä¸ç¶²è·¯, ç¾å¨æåå®è£ rp-pppoe.</p> ><pre caption="Installing rp-pppoe"> ># <c>USE="-X" emerge rp-pppoe</c> ></pre> > > <note><i>USE="-X"</i>代表è, å¨å®è£æ, å¯ä»¥é²æ¢ç·¨è¯æ XWindow çç¨å¼.å çºå¦æè¦ç·¨è¯æ X 使ç¨çç¨å¼,ä½ å¿ é ç·¨è¯æ´å¤å ¶ä»çç¨å¼. > å¦æä½ æ³ç·¨è¯çµ¦ X 使ç¨, 以å¾å¯å¨ç·¨è¯ä¸æ¬¡. (ç¾å¨æ¯ç³»çµ±å®è£,æ以費æç X ç系統å®å ¨æ£å¸¸å¾æèæ ®) > </note> > <note>rp-pppoe ç¾å¨ä»¥å®è£å®æ, ä½æ¯éæ²è¨å® > ä½ éè¦å¨ç¬¬ä¸æ¬¡éæ°éæ©æéµå ¥ <c>adsl-setup</c> > </note> > <p>å¦æä½ æä½¿ç¨ XFS, ReiserFS ææ¯ LVM, ä½ å°éè¦å¾ Portage 裡é¢å®è£ç¸éè»é«. > ä¾: å¦æä½ æç¨ XFS, ä½ å°±éè¦ emerge <c>xfsprogs</c>. > </p> ><pre caption="Emerge æªæ¡ç³»çµ±å·¥å ·"> ># <c>emerge sys-apps/xfsprogs</c> ><comment>å¦æä½ æä½¿ç¨ ReiserFS ä½ å°è¦å®è£ ReiserFSå·¥å ·: </comment> ># <c>emerge sys-apps/reiserfsprogs</c> ><comment>å¦æä½ æä½¿ç¨ JFS, ä½ å°è¦å®è£ JFS å·¥å ·: </comment> ># <c>emerge jfsutils</c> ><comment>å¦æä½ æä½¿ç¨ LVM ä½ å°è¦å®è£ lvm å·¥å ·: </comment> ># <c>emerge sys-apps/lvm-user</c> ></pre> > <p>å¦æä½ ä½¿ç¨ææé»è ¦, éè¦å¨éæ©æç¨å° PCMCIA, ä½ å°éè¦å®è£ <i>pcmcia-cs</i>. > </p> ><pre caption="Emerging PCMCIA-cs"> ># <c>emerge sys-apps/pcmcia-cs</c> ></pre> > <warn>å®è£å®æå¾,ä½ å°éè¦å emerge ä¸æ¬¡ <i>pcmcia-cs</i> > </warn> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>è¨å® /etc/fstab</title> > <section> > <body> > <p>ä½ ç Gentoo Linux 系統已ç¶å¿«å®æäº! ç¾å¨æåéè¦çºéæ©è¨å®çµ¦åæªæ¡. > é¦å æåå°éè¦æ´æ¹ä½ ç <path>/etc/fstab</path> å¦æä½ æ¯ç¨ ReiserFS ä½ å°è¦å¨é¸é çé¨ä»½å å ¥ <c>notail</c> > è¨å¾è¦å¨æªæ¡ç³»çµ±é¡å(filesystem types)ä¸ æ´æ¹æä½ çæªæ¡ç³»çµ±. å¦: <c>ext2</c>, <c>ext3</c>, <c>reiserfs</c> çç. > å¦æè¦æ´ä»ç´°çç <path>/etc/fstab</path> ä½ å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨: <c>man fstab</c> > </p> > <p>以ä¸é¨ä»½çº <path>/etc/fstab</path> ç¯ä¾,ä¸å®è¦è¨å¾æ "BOOT", > "ROOT" å "SWAP" æ¹æä½ çåå²å (å¦ <c>hda1</c>, çç.)</p> ><pre caption="Editing fstab"> ><comment># /etc/fstab: static file system information. ># ># noatime turns off atimes for increased performance (atimes normally aren't ># needed; notail increases performance of ReiserFS (at the expense of storage ># efficiency). It is safe to drop the noatime options if you want and to ># switch between notail and tail freely. > ># <fs> <mount point> <type> <opts> <dump/pass> > ># NOTE: If your BOOT partition is ReiserFS, add the notail option to opts. ></comment> >/dev/BOOT /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2 >/dev/ROOT / ext3 noatime 0 1 >/dev/SWAP none swap sw 0 0 >/dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro 0 0 >proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 ></pre> > <warn>ä¸è¦å¿è¨ <i>/boot</i> ä¸æå¨éæ©æèªåæè¼. > éæ¯çºäºé²æ¢ <i>/boot</i> 裡é¢çéæ©è³æ > å¦æä½ éè¦æ´æ¹ <i>/boot</i>, è«ä½¿ç¨ <c>mount</c>æè¼ > </warn> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>è¨å®æé«æ¬éå¯ç¢¼(Root)</title> > <section> > <body> > <p>å¨ä½ å¿è¨ä¹å, è«å è¨å®å¯ç¢¼: </p> ><pre caption="è¨å® Root çå¯ç¢¼"> ># <c>passwd</c> ></pre> > > <p>ä½ ä¹éè¦æ°å¢ä¸åæ¯å¤©ä½¿ç¨ç帳è(é root). è«æ¥é± <uri link="http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/faq.xml">Gentoo 常è¦åé¡</uri>. > </p> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>è¨å®ä¸»æ©å稱</title> > <section> > <body> > <p>Edit this file so that it contains your fully-qualified domain name on a single line, > è«è¨å®ä¸å FQDN(Fully Qualified Domain Name) ç主æ©å稱 > ä¾. <c>mymachine.mydomain.com</c>. > </p> ><pre caption="è¨å®ä¸»æ©å稱"> ># <c>echo mymachine.mydomain.com > /etc/hostname</c> ></pre> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>è¨å® /etc/hosts</title> > <section> > <body> > <p>éåæªæ¡å°æå«è 主æ©éè¦ä½¿ç¨å°ç IP ä½ç½® å主æ©å稱. å¯ä»¥ç¨ä¾åè§£ä½ ç name server æ¾ä¸å°çå稱(local使ç¨). > 以ä¸çºç¯ä¾: > </p> ><pre caption="Hosts ç¯ä¾"> >127.0.0.1 localhost ><comment>#ä¸ä¸è¡å å«èä½ çå網çIP åç¸éç主æ©å稱</comment> >192.168.1.1 mymachine.mydomain.com mymachine ></pre> > <note>å¦æä½ æ¯ä½¿ç¨ DHCP 網路, å å ¥ <i>localhost</i> å°æçº GNOME åå ¶ä»ç¨å¼é æä¸äºå¾å¤§ç幫å©(å解å稱) > </note> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>æå¾ç¶²è·¯è¨å®</title> > <section> > <body> > <p>ä½ å°éè¦å¨ <path>/etc/modules.autoload</path> å å ¥ååä½ ç·¨è¯æ ¸å¿ç模çµ. é樣ä¸ä¾ Gentoo Linux > ååæ, å°æèªåè¼å ¥. 註: å¦æä½ å°ç¶²è·¯å¡ç·¨çºæ¨¡çµ, å¦ææ²æè¼å ¥ä», ä»ä¸æèªååç¨. > </p> ><pre caption="/etc/modules.autoload"><comment>åè¨ä½ 使ç¨çæ¯ 3com ç¶²è·¯å¡ >æª¢å¯ <path>/lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/net</path> çæ¯å¦æ. </comment> >3c59x ></pre> > <p>編輯 <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path> 以便éæ©æåå網路: </p> ><pre caption="éæ©ç¶²è·¯è¨å®"> ># <c>nano -w /etc/conf.d/net</c> ># <c>rc-update add net.eth0 default</c> ></pre> > <p>å¦æä½ æå¤å¼µç¶²å¡, ä½ å°éè¦è¤è£½çº <path>net.eth<comment>x</comment></path> > (<comment>x</comment> = 1, 2, ...) è«ç以ä¸ç¯ä¾: > </p> ><pre caption="å¤å¼µç¶²è·¯å¡"> ># <c>cd /etc/init.d</c> ># <c>cp net.eth0 net.eth<comment>x</comment></c> ># <c>rc-update add net.eth<comment>x</comment> default</c> ></pre> > <p>å¦æä½ ä½¿ç¨çæ¯ PCMCIA, è«æ¥ç <path>/etc/init.d/pcmcia</path> æ¯å¦æ£ç¢º. > ç¶å¾å¨æä¸é¢å å ¥ <path>/etc/inid./net.ethx</path> > </p> ><pre caption="è® PCMCIA ä¾è³´ /etc/init.d/net.ethx"> >depend() { > need pcmcia >} ></pre> > <p>é樣就å¯ä»¥å¨åå網路æèªååå PCMCIA 網路å¡çé© åç¨å¼. > </p> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>æå¾çæ¥é©: åºæ¬è¨å® (å æ¬ åékeymapè¨å®)</title> > <section> > <body> ><pre caption="åºæ¬è¨å®"> ># <c>nano -w /etc/rc.conf</c> ></pre> > <p>æç §æªæ¡è£¡é¢çå¼å°, å°ç³»çµ±çåºç¤è¨å®. è«ç¢ºå® <c>CLOCK</c> æè¨å®é. > åééµç¤ç使ç¨è å°éè¦è¨å® <c>KEYMAP</c> (å¯ä»¥æ¥é±<path>/usr/share/keymaps</pat> æ¥çå¯ç¨çé¸é ). > </p> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>è¨å®éæ©ç¨å¼</title> > <section> > <title>Notes</title> > <body> > <p>Gentoo çç²¾ç¥, 大家ç¾å¨æå¤ç¨®çéæ©ç¨å¼å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨. å¨æåçèæ¬å è£ç³»çµ±è£¡, 使ç¨è å¯ä»¥é¸æ GRUB ææ¯ LILO > </p> > <p>è«è¨ä½, ä½ åªéè¦å®è£ä¸åéæ©ç¨å¼, è«ä¸è¦å®è£è¶ éä¸å. > </p> > <impo>å¦æä½ æ¯ä½¿ç¨ NVIDIA nForce ææ¯ nForce2 çµåç GeForce 顯示å¡, ä½ æ該è¦ä½¿ç¨ LILO èä¸æ¯ GRUB. > åå æ¯ä½éè¨æ¶(low memory)æå¯è½æ被使ç¨æçº video RAM. GRUB éæ©æ使ç¨çæ¯ä½éè¨æ¶ æ以æå¯è½æé æè¨æ¶é«ä¸è¶³ççæ³. > å¦æä½ ä½¿ç¨ nForce ææ¯å ¶ä»å §å»ºé¡¯ç¤ºå¡, è«ä½¿ç¨ LILO. > </impo> > > > </body> > </section> > <section> > <title>è¨å® GRUB</title> > <body> > <p>GRUB ä¸æéè¦çå°±æ¯ GRUB å¦ä½æå硬ç¢ååå²å. ä½ ç Linux åå²å <path>/dev/hda1</path> å¨ GRUB > ä¸éæè®æ <path>(hd0,0)</path> 注æ hd0,0 çæ¬è,ä»åæ¯ä¸å¯ç¼ºç. 硬ç¢ååå²åæ¯å¾ 0 éå§è¨ç®ç. > é atapi-ide çè£ç½® å¦CDROM, çéæ©, SCSI è£ç½®çç é½æ¯å¨ BIOS è¨å®æ被è¨å®çºé«ä¸é»çè碼. > èä¾ä¾èªª, ä½ ç硬ç¢æ¯å¨ /dev/hda, CDROM æ¯ /dev/hdb, çéæ©æ¯å¨ /dev/hdc, 第äºå硬ç¢æ¯å¨ /dev/hdd. > å¨ <path>/dev/hdd7</path> å°æ被翻è¯æ <path>(hd1,6)</path> > çèµ·ä¾å¾è¤é, ä½æ¯ä»ç確å¾è¤é. GRUB ææä¾ Tab çé¸é . ç¶ä½ æå¾å¤ç¡¬ç¢ååå²åæ, > ä½ å¯ä»¥æ Tab éµä¾ååºææç硬ç¢æåå²å > </p> > <p>è¨å® GRUB æç°¡å®çæ¹æ³å°±æ¯è¼¸å ¥ <c>grub</c>: </p> ><pre caption="å®è£ GRUB"> ># <c>emerge grub</c> ># <c>grub</c> ></pre> > <impo>å¦æä½ ä½¿ç¨çæ¯ç¡¬é« RAID, æ¤é¨ä»½å°ä¸é©åä½ å®è£. è·³éæ¤é å°è¨å® <path>grub.conf</path> çé¨ä»½. > </impo> > <p>ä½ å°æè¢«å¸¶å ¥ <c>grub&qt;</c>ç grub ç¨å¼å §. ç¾å¨æåå°éè¦æ GRUB å®è£å° 主å¼å°ç´é (MBR). > è«åè以ä¸ç¯ä¾: > </p> > ><pre caption="å¨ MBR ä¸å®è£ GRUB"> >grub> <c>root (hd0,0)</c> <codenote>éæ©åå²å(boot partition)</codenote> >grub> <c>setup (hd0)</c> <codenote>å®è£ MBR çå°æ¹</codenote> ></pre> > ><pre caption="ä¸è¦å®è£å¨ MBR"> ><comment>å¦æä½ æ³è¦å¨å ¶ä»å°æ¹ä¸å®è£ GRUB</comment> >grub> <c>root (hd0,0)</c> <codenote>éæ©åå²å(boot partition)</codenote> >grub> <c>setup (hd0,4)</c> <codenote>éæ©ç´éå¨æ¤, /dev/hda5</codenote> >grub> <c>quit</c> ></pre> > > <p>æ¥ä¸ä¾çºä»¥ä¸å ©åæ令ç解說. 第ä¸å <c>root ( )</c> æ¯å訴 GRUB ä½ çéæ©åå²åçä½å. > (å¨æåçä¾å裡, <path>/dev/hda1</path> ææ¯ GRUB é©ç¨ç <path>(hd0,0). 第äº, <c>setup ( )</c> > æ¯éæ©ç´é(boot record) å°æå¨ä½ æå®çå°æ¹è¨å®ç¹å¥çæªæ¡. å¨çè çä¾åä¸, ææ³æéæ©ç´é æ¾å¨ç¡¬ç¢ç MBRä¸ > æ以æå°æå® <path>/dev/hda</path> (ä¹æ¯ GRUB ä¸ç <path>(hd0)</path>). > å¦æææ¯ä½¿ç¨å ¶ä»çéæ©ç¨å¼(Boot Loader), æå°éè¦æ GRUB è¨çºç¬¬äºéæ©ç¨å¼. > æå¯ä»¥æ GRUB å®è£å¨å ¶ä»çåå²åä¸(èä¸æ¯æ´å硬ç¢). ç¶ GRUB 以è¨å®å®æå¾, ä½ å¯ä»¥è¼¸å ¥ <c>quit</c> é¢é GRUB. > </p> > > <note>å¨ GRUB 裡, TAB çæ¯ä¸åå¾æ¹ä¾¿çå·¥å ·, ç¶ä½ è¼¸å ¥ <c>root (</c> ç¶å¾æä¸ TAB éµ, ä½ å°æçå° > ææçåå²åå表. æä¸ TAB å¾, å°±æèªåå¹«ä½ æ¹çº <c> root (hd</c>. åæä¸æ¬¡, grub å°ååºå¯ç¨ç¡¬ç¢ > å°±æè®æ <c> root (hd0,</c> ç¶å¾ä½ å¯ä»¥èªå·±è¼¸å ¥ææ¯æä¸ TAB é樣就å¯ä»¥è® grub å次ååºå¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨çåå²å. > </note> > > <p>ç¾å¨æååªéè¦è¨å® <path>/boot/grub/grub.conf</path> é樣ä¸ä¾å°±å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ GRUB éæ©äº > 以ä¸çº Grub.conf çç¯ä¾: > </p> > <impo>çºäºç¢ºä¿å GRUB çåé¢ç¸å®¹æ§ (backwards compatibility), ä½ è¦ç¢ºå® <i>grub.conf</i> æé£æ¥å° <i>menu.lst</i>. > ä½ å¯ä»¥è¼¸å ¥ä»¥ä¸æ令建ç«é£æ¥: <c>ln -s /boot/grub.conf /boot/grub/menu.lst </c></impo> > <p>ç¾å¨æåå°è¦å»ºç« grub.conf æªæ¡ (<c>nano -w /boot/grub/grub.conf</c>). ç¶å¾æç §ä»¥ä¸æ¹æ³å å ¥ > </p> ><pre caption="GRUB 使ç¨ç Grub.conf"> >default 0 >timeout 30 >splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz > >title=My example Gentoo Linux >root (hd0,0) >kernel (hd0,0)/boot/bzImage root=/dev/hda3 > ><comment>#以ä¸çºç¡¬é« RAID çè¨å®</comment> >title=My Gentoo Linux on RAID >root (hd0,0) >kernel (hd0,0)/boot/bzImage root=/dev/ataraid/dXpY > ><comment># 以ä¸çºéééæ©çè¨å®</comment> >title=Windows XP >root (hd0,5) >chainloader (hd0,5)+1 ></pre> > <note> > (hd0,0) å¨æ¬èå §ä¸æ該æç©ºæ ¼. > </note> > <impo> > å¦æä½ è¦çº IDE çéæ©è¨å® SCSI èæ¬, ä½ å°éè¦å å ¥ "hdx=ide-scsi" grub.conf 裡ç > kernel é¸é 裡. ("hdx" æ該æ¹çºä½ ççéæ©ä½ç½®) > </impo> > <p>ç¶ä»¥ä¸æ¥é©å®æå¾, æåä½ ! ä½ ç Gentoo Linux å·²ç¶å®æå®è£äº. éæ©å¾ç¬¬ä¸åé¸å°å°æå¸¶ä½ é²å ¥ Gentoo Linux. > 第äºåé¸æå°±æå¸¶ä½ é²å ¥ Windows (å¦æä½ æWindowsç話) > </p> > <note>ä¸é¢ç, <path>(hd0,0)</path> æ該è¦æåä½ ç"éæ©"åå²å > (<path>/dev/hda1</path>ç¯ä¾ä¸ç) å <path>/dev/hda3</path> æ該è¦æåä½ ç"æ ¹"(root)åå²å. > è <path>(hd0,5)</path> å°±æ¯æå Windows çåå²å > loader. > </note> > <note> > æ ¸å¿æ åæ¯æ¾å¨ éæ©åå²åå §. å¦æä½ çéæ©åå²å <path>(hd0,0)</path> åæ ¹åå²å <path>(hd0,1)</path> åé, 以ä¸ææè·¯å¾å°æå¨ grub.conf > 裡é¢æçº <path>/bzImage</path> > </note> > <p>å¦æä½ éè¦è·³éä»»ä½æ ¸å¿å §çé¸é , ä½ åªè¦å¨ <c>kernel</c> çæ令å¾é¢å ä¸å°±å¯ä»¥äº. > æåå·²ç¶æ給äºä¸åå ä¸çæ令 (<c>root=/dev/hda3</c>), ä½ ä¹å¯ä»¥å ä¸å ¶ä»ç. > ä½ ä¹å¯ä»¥éé devfs ä½¿ç¨ <c>gentoo=nodevfs</c> çé¸é . å°±å以ä¸é£ååè½ä¸æ¨£, æ¾å¨kernelé¸é å³å¯. > </p> > <note>åæ©ä¸é»ç Gentoo Linux ä¸åçæ¯, ä½ ç¾å¨ä¸éè¦å¨è¨å®æªè£¡é¢çæ ¸å¿é¸é (<c>kernel</c>) å §å å ¥ <c>devfs=mount</c> > å¨ rc6 devfså°æ被é è¨çºèªååç¨ > </note> > </body> > </section> > <section> > <title>è¨å® LILO</title> > <body> > <p>ç®å GRUB æ¯ææ°çé¸æ, ä½æ¯ä¸¦ä¸æ¯ä¸ç´é½æ¯æ好çé¸æ. LILO (LinuxLOader) æ¯çæ£æ實åçLinux ååç¨å¼. > 以ä¸æ¯ LILO çå®è£æ¹å¼: > </p> > <p>第ä¸æ¥å°±æ¯å©ç¨ emerge å®è£ LILO > </p> ><pre caption="å®è£ LILO"> ># <c>emerge lilo</c> ></pre> > <p>æ¥ä¸ä¾æåéè¦è¨å® <path>/etc/lilo.conf</path> 以ä¸çºè¨å®ç¯ä¾ > </p> ><pre caption="lilo.conf ç¯ä¾"> >boot=/dev/hda >map=/boot/map >install=/boot/boot.b >prompt >timeout=50 >lba32 >default=linux > >image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.20 > label=linux > read-only > root=/dev/hda3 > >#For dual booting windows/other OS >other=/dev/hda1 > label=dos ></pre> > <ul> > <li><i>boot=/dev/hda</i> å°å訴 LILO å®è£å°ç¬¬ä¸å IDE æ§å¶å¡ä¸ç硬ç¢</li> > <li><i>map=/boot/map</i>LILO çå°åæª, ä½ ä¸æ該編輯æ¤é </li> > <li><i>install=/boot/boot.b</i>å°å訴 LILO å®è£å°æ°çéæ©åå(Sector) å¨æ®éçæ æ³ä¸, å¦ææ²æ install éè¡, LILO å°æé è¨ä½¿ç¨éåæªæ¡.</li> > <li><i>prompt</i> æ¯å訴 LILO å¨éæ©æ顯示å³çµ±ç <i>lilo:</i> ç«é¢. éç¶ä¸å»ºè°ä½ 移é¤æéå, å¦æä½ ç§»é¤ææ¤è¡, ä½ å¯ä»¥å¨éæ©ææä¸ > [Shift] éååéæ©ç«é¢. > </li> > <li><i>timeout=50</i> æ¯è¨å® LILO çå¾ ä½¿ç¨è é¸æçæé, å¦æè¨å®çº 50 就代表èçå¾ æéçº 5 ç§. > </li> > <li><i>lba32</i> æ¯çº LILO 解é硬ç¢çæ§é . å¦ä¸å常ç¨çé ç®æ¯ linear. é¤éä½ ççå¾äºè§£, ä¸ç¶è«ä¸è¦æ¹è®éè¡. > ä¸ç¶å¯è½æé æç¡æ³éæ©ççæ . > </li> > <li><i>default=linux</i> å°å訴 LILO éæ¯ä¸åé è¨éæ©çé¸é . å¿ é å以ä¸ç label æè¼¸å ¥çç¸å. > </li> > <li><i>image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.20</i>å°å訴 LILO éæ©æè¦é¸æé£ä¸åç·¨è¯å®æå¾çæ ¸å¿.</li> > <li><i>lable=linux</i>ç¶ LILO ååæ, éåé¸é å°è¢«ç¨ä¾æ¾å¨æ¸ å®å §.å¦æä½ è¦å°æ¤è¨çºé è¨, ä¸å®è¦åä¸é¢ç default ç¸å. > </li> > <li><i>read-only</i>å°å訴 LILO ä½ åæ ¹åå²åè¦è¨å®æå¯ç¨ä¸¦ä¸å¨éæ©ä¸ä¸æ被被æ´æ¹.</li> > <li><i>root=/dev/hda5</i> å°å訴 LILO éæ©æä½ çæ ¹ç®éå¨é£è£¡. </li> > </ul> > <p>è¨å®å¥½ <i>lilo.conf</i> å¾, ç¾å¨æåéè¦æ LILO æ¾å° MBR 裡é¢. > </p> ><pre caption="å·è¡ LILO"> ># <c>/sbin/lilo</c> ></pre> > <p>LILO å·²ç¶è¨å®å¥½äº, ç¾å¨ä½ çé»è ¦å·²ç¶å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ Gentoo Linux äº! > </p> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>製ä½éæ©ç</title> > <section> > <title>GRUB éæ©ç</title> > <body> > <p>第ä¸æ¬¡å®è£ä»»ä½ Linux æ, 製ä½ä¸åéæ©çæ¯ä¸åä¸é¯ç主æ.éæ¯çºäºå¨é¯èª¤ç¼çææ¹ä¾¿ä½ ä¿®æ£. > å¦æä½ æ¯ä½¿ç¨ç¡¬é« RAID, ä½ å° <e>éè¦</e> 建ç«ä¸å GRUB éæ©ç. é¢å°ç¸ç¶å¤ç¨®é¡çç¡¬é« RAID, ä½ å°ç¡æ³å¨ chroot 裡é¢è£½ä½ > GRUB éæ©ç,å¦æä½ ç¢°å°æ¤æ æ³, ä½ å°éè¦å¨ç¬¬ä¸æ¬¡ééæ,æ GRUB å®è£å° MBR 裡. è«æç §ä»¥ä¸æ¥é©: > </p> ><pre caption="è£½ä½ GRUB éæ©ç"> ># <c>mke2fs /dev/fd0</c> ># <c>mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy</c> ># <c>mkdir -p /mnt/floppy/boot/grub</c> ># <c>cp /usr/share/grub/i386-pc/stage1 /mnt/floppy/boot/grub/</c> ># <c>cp /usr/share/grub/i386-pc/stage2 /mnt/floppy/boot/grub/</c> ># <c>umount /mnt/floppy</c> ># <c>grub</c> > >grub> <c>root (fd0)</c> >grub> <c>setup (fd0)</c> >grub> <c>quit</c> ></pre> > <p>ç¾å¨ä½ å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ è»ç¢éæ©.å¨è»ç¢ç <c>grub></c> ç¾å¨ä½ å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨ <c>root</c> å <c>setup</c> çæ令äº.</p> > </body> > </section> > <section> > <title>LILO éæ©ç</title> > <body> > <p>å¦æä½ ä½¿ç¨çæ¯ LILO, 製ä½ä¸åéæ©çä¹æ¯ä¸åä¸é¯ç主義. > </p> ><pre caption="è£½ä½ LILO éæ©ç"> ># <c>dd if=/boot/ä½ çæ ¸å¿ of=/dev/fd0 </c> ><comment>åªæå¨æ ¸å¿å°æ¼ 1.4MB çæ æ³ä¸ææå¯è½</comment> ></pre> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>å®è£å®æ!</title> > <section> > <body> > <p>ç¾å¨, Gentoo Linux å·²ç¶å®æå®è£äº! æå¾çæ¥é©å°±æ¯æ´æ°ç¹å®çè¨å®æª, é¢é chroot, 解é¤ç¡¬ç¢æè¼, åééæ©: > </p> ><pre caption="æå¾æ¥é©"> ># <c>etc-update</c> ># <c>exit</c> ><comment>(以ä¸æ令å°æé¢é chroot, ä½ ä¹å¯ä»¥è¼¸å ¥ <c>^D</c>)</comment> ># <c>cd / </c> ># <c>umount /mnt/gentoo/boot</c> ># <c>umount /mnt/gentoo/proc</c> ># <c>umount /mnt/gentoo</c> ># <c>reboot</c> ></pre> > <note> > ééå¾, éå¾å·è¡ <c>update-modules</c> é樣ææå»ºç« <path>/etc/modules.conf</path>. > ä½ ä¸æ該編輯æ¤æª, å¦æè¦æ´æ¹è¨å®, è«å° <path>/etc/modules.d</path> éåç®é裡é¢å»æ´æ¹. > </note> > <impo>å¥å¿äº, å¦æä½ ä½¿ç¨ç¡¬é« RAID, ä½ ä¸å®è¦å¨ç¬¬ä¸æ¬¡éæ©æ使ç¨éæ©ç. ç¶å¾æç §ä¸é¢çæ¹æ³å»å®è£ GRUB. > é樣ä¸ä¾ä½ å°±å®æäº -- æå! > </impo> > <p>å¦æä½ æä»»ä½åé¡, ææ¯æ³å å ¥ Gentoo Linux ç¼å±, ä½ å¯ä»¥å å ¥æåç gentoo-user å gentoo-dev éµä»¶åå®. > (æ´å¤çè³æå¨ <uri link="http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/lists.xml">éµä»¶åå®</uri> 網é ). > æåä¹æ好ç¨ç <uri link="http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/desktop.xml">æ¡ä¸åè¨å®</uri>. å°æ幫å©ä½ ç¹¼çº > è¨å®ä½ ç Gentoo Linux. > æ¤å¤, éæ <uri link="http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/portage-user.xml">Portage æå</uri> 幫å©ä½ äºè§£ Portage. > ä½ å¯ä»¥å° <uri link="http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/docs.xml">æ¾å°å ¶ä»çæç« . å¦æä½ æä»»ä½éæ¼å®è£çåé¡, > è«å° <uri link="http://www.gentoo.doc/en/faq.xml">åèç</uri>. > æå¾, æ¡è¿ä½ ä½¿ç¨ Gentoo Linux! > </p> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> > <chapter> > <title>Gentoo-Stats(çµ±è¨)</title> > <section> > <body> > <p>ç¶ Gentoo Linux éå§ä½¿ç¨çµ±è¨æ, æ¯è®éç¼è äºè§£ä½¿ç¨è çéæ±é. éåç¨å¼å°æ¶éè Gentoo Linux 使ç¨é, > æ¹ä¾¿æåéç¼. æå並ä¸å¼·è¿«æ¨å®è£, ä½æ¯æåå°æå¾ææ¿ä½ å¦æä½ é¸æ幫å©æå. æ¶éå°ççµ±è¨å°æ¾å¨ > <uri>http://stats.gentoo.org</uri>. > </p> > <p>gentoo-stats 伺æå¨å°æçµ¦ä½ ç系統ä¸åå¯ä¸çè碼. éåè碼å°é¨æç¨ä¾æ¶é系統è³è¨, ææ¯ä½ ç IP ä½å. > ä½ çé±ç§å°æ被ä¿è·è. 以ä¸æ¯æåå°æ¶éçè³æ: > </p> > <ul> > <li>å®è£çè»é«,åçæ¬</li> > <li>CPU è³æ: é度 (MHz), å» ç, é¡å, CPU ç¨®é¡ (åæ¯ "mmx" or "3dnow")</li> > <li>è¨æ¶é«è³æ(RAM,å SWAP空é)</li> > <li>PCI æ§å¶å¡å網路å¡</li> > <li>ä½ ç主æ©ä½¿ç¨çGentoo Linux Profie (å¨ /etc/make.profile 裡é¢ç link).</li> > </ul> > <p>æåä¸ææ¶éå°æ¼ Gentoo Linux 使ç¨è ç¸éçå人è³æ. 以確ä¿è³æä¸ææ´é². (åéç¼è ä¸æ¨£) > </p> > <ul> > <li>é¤éä½ ææ´æ¹ gentoo-stats ç¨å¼, ä¸ç¶ä»ä¸æå³åºä½ çå¯ç¢¼,è¨å®æª, éå尺寸...</li> > <li>å³éä½ çemailå°åæ¯éå¿ è¦çè¨å®, 被é è¨çºéé</li> > <li>å³éæç IP ä½åå°é¨æ被ç´é, æåå¯ä»¥ééçµ¦ä½ çè碼ä½çºèªè, æ以æåä¸éè¦ "IPä½å".</li> > </ul> > <p>å®è£æå¾ç°¡å® - è«æç §ä»¥ä¸æ¥é©: > </p> ><pre caption="å®è£ gentoo-stats"> ># <c>emerge gentoo-stats</c> <codenote>å®è£ gentoo-stats</codenote> ># <c>gentoo-stats --new</c> <codenote>ç³è«æ°ç系統è碼</codenote> ></pre> > <p>第äºåæ令å°ç³è«ä¸å系統è碼, æ¤è碼æ被èªåå°æ¾å° <path>/etc/gentoo-stats/gentoo-stats.conf</conf>. > ä½ å¯ä»¥ç·¨è¼¯æ¤æªæ¥çå ¶ä»çè¨å®é¸é . > </p> > <p>æ¥ä¸ä¾æåå°éè¦æçµ±è¨ç¨å¼(gentoo-stats) è¨çºèªå檢å¯. (ä¸éè¦ä½¿ç¨ root çæ¬é) > ä½ åªéè¦å¨ <path>crontab</path> å å ¥ä»¥ä¸æ令: > </p> ><pre caption="ä½¿ç¨ cron æ´æ° gentoo-stats"> ><c>0 0 * * 0,4 /usr/sbin/gentoo-stats --update > /dev/null</c> ></pre> > <p><c>gentoo-stats</c>é©ç¨ perl 編寫çå°ç¨å¼, ä½ ä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨ä½ æåæ¡çæå編輯å¨ç·¨è¼¯: <path>/usr/sbin/gentoo-stats</path></p> > </body> > </section> > </chapter> ></guide>
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