I opened this issue with upstream yesterday: https://github.com/owncloud/core/issues/24460 I have a bunch of Samba shares to be served up by ownCloud. Upon switching from 8.2.3 to 9.0.1 yesterday, these shares quit working. This reply showed up: "If you're using SMB storages it's highly recommended to install the libsmbclient-php extension, which brings a HUGE performance boost." That extension's not in Portage, but I found an ebuild someone had written, tweaked it to play better with Samba 3 & 4, and put it in my overlay: https://gitlab.com/salfter/portage/tree/master/dev-php/libsmbclient-php I installed it, restarted php-fpm, and tried accessing an SMB share configured in ownCloud for testing. It worked! It's possible that the code path that accesses SMB external storage without libsmbclient-php may have been deprecated at some point. This is the first I'd heard of this extension, but since including it fixes this problem, perhaps the ownCloud ebuild should be updated to require it, at least if Samba is installed with client support (IIRC, with the smbclient USE flag for Samba 3.x or the client USE flag for Samba 4.x).
Similar breakage occurred on Debian with ownCloud 8.1, according to this: https://squarecone.com/2015/08/owncloud-8-1-update-smb-shares-broken/ The fix there was the same as it is here: install libsmbclient-php. Why it took until ownCloud 9 for it to surface on Gentoo, I couldn't say.
Upstream says it's a bug in one of the libraries ownCloud uses (icewind1991/SMB, more specifically): https://github.com/owncloud/core/issues/24460#issuecomment-217550490 libsmbclient-php has apparently been recommended for a while for performance reasons. That it also bypasses this bug is a bonus.
I've long since moved on to a newer version (now running Nextcloud 17.x), which works without issue...probably not much sense keeping this open.