The root filesystem device is not mapped correctly to the root= parameter from the kernel command line. The root filesystem lives in a LUKS container in a RAID-1 array. From /etc/mdadm.conf: ARRAY /dev/md3 metadata=0.90 devices=/dev/sda3,/dev/sdb3 I include mdadm.conf in the initramfs. The kernel command line from /etc/default/grub: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crypt_root=/dev/md3 root=/dev/mapper/crypt-root domdadm" After booting, the root device is mapped to: /dev/mapper/root_md3-crypt-root -> ../dm-0 and not crypt-root as per kernel command line.